Design and Technology Flashcards
- Manufactured products rely on various materials, components, processes, and techniques.
- Designers must select appropriate elements to enhance and realize designs.
- Product success hinges on effective selection and integration.
Innovation Process
- Innovation introduces new, useful ideas or products adding value to the market.
- It includes novel material applications and processes like 3D printing.
Collaborative and Commercial Approaches
- Collaborative design enhances integrity by incorporating diverse team ideas and user feedback.
Inversion
- A design strategy that turns a problem from a different perspective.
Morphological Analysis
- Explores all possible solutions breaking problems into smaller parts.
Analogy and Lateral Thinking
- Analogy uses known solutions for similar problems.
- Lateral thinking solves problems with new approaches.
Reverse Engineering
- Deconstructs products to understand function and construction, aiding improvement and analysis of competitors' products.
Historical Influences
- Influential designers and movements significantly impact product design.
- Bauhaus principles: form follows function, everyday objects for everyday people, products for a machine age, geometrically pure forms.
- Other movements: Post Modernism, The Memphis Group, Art Nouveau, Art Deco, Pop Art, Minimalism.
- Fashion designer Vivienne Westwood incorporates historical fashion influences.
Technological Developments
- Recent technological advancements impact product and fashion design.
- Nano-technology reduces component sizes.
- Conductive fibers are integrated into fabrics.
Product Analysis
- Analyzes competitor products considering form, function, style, materials, construction, quality, performance, and environmental factors.
- Prototypes model new designs; can be functional or conceptual.
- In fashion, prototypes allow for user trials.
Virtual Modeling
- Uses 3D software to view products from different angles, saving time and costs.
- Fashion applications include 3D catwalk simulations.
Rapid Prototyping
- Transfers 3D CAD drawings to a printer for 3D models.
- Models can be life-size and tested for functionality, performance, and form.
New Technology and Design Needs
- Developments in materials and fabrics include smart or technical materials like carbon fiber, micro-encapsulated fabrics, Kevlar, shape memory alloys, and electroluminescent materials.
Idea Generation and Development
- Clear problem understanding is essential for designers to generate ideas.
- User needs are critical for product success.
- User-centered design involves discussions with users.
- Initial ideas include sketches, models, simulations, and product analysis.
- Testing ideas with the target market is important.
Effective Design Specifications
- Design specifications are vital for designers.
- Include measurable criteria (e.g., minimum and maximum dimensions).
- Structure specifications using bullet points and prioritize criteria.
- Test ideas against design specifications to identify areas for development.
- Gather feedback to structure iterations, retain features, and replace others.
User-Centered Design
- Regularly involve the target market in design, testing, and refinement.
Communicating Ideas
- Utilize quick sketches, card modeling, 2D/3D modeling, CAM, and formal drawings.
Fitness for Purpose
- Products must meet design specifications and solve the design problem.
CAD Benefits
- Testing, analysis, and development ensure refinement.
- Efficient and virtual, reducing physical component needs.
- Files are easily saved, modified, and shared.
- Conversion to CNC/CAM data enables rapid prototyping.
- Simulations aid in presentations.
Presenting Ideas
- Communicate design thinking using sketching, models, simulations, and prototypes.
Recording Design Decisions
- Document decisions with sketches, CAD, photos, and prototypes.
- Use the iterative process (think, test, analyze, rethink).
- Present final ideas with visuals and test result reports.
- Use text, sketches, photos, models, charts, and CAD simulations.
Anthropometrics
- Measures human body dimensions.
- Importance: ensures products fit the target market.
Ergonomics
- Uses anthropometric data to ensure product comfort and effective user interface.
- Importance: critical for iterative design and user interaction.
CAD to CAM
- Software facilitates designing, testing, and producing using machinery.
- CAM uses CNC based on CAD files.
- Various machines: laser cutters, vinyl cutters, CNC routers, lathes, embroidery machinery.
CAD Benefits
- Increased productivity, higher quality, easy editing and sharing, no physical space required.
CAM Benefits
- Faster, more accurate, cost-efficient, and consistent outcomes.
CAD/CAM Disadvantages
- High initial costs, maintenance, training, and potential faults.
- Technological obsolescence and reliance on technology.
CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing)
- Automates manufacturing with real-time sensors and closed-loop control.
- Integrates design, analysis, planning, and factory floor activities.
- Uses electronic devices for distribution and includes software, videos, websites and online advertising.
Safe Working Practices
- Follow the Health and Safety at Work Act.
- Conduct risk assessments.
- Use machinery with permission and training.
- Adhere to workshop procedures.
Product Safety
- Consider legal safety requirements during the iterative process.
- Highlight safety concerns through testing and user trials.
Risk Assessment
- Identify hazards and implement controls.
- Involves hazard identification, risk evaluation, and precautions.
5-Step Risk Assessment
- Identify hazards, assess risks, evaluate and implement controls, record findings, and review regularly.
Equipment, Training, and Signage
- Regularly check machinery, provide protective clothing, and display safety instructions and hazard warnings.