Comprehensive JLPT N5 Vocabulary Guide to N5 Russian Study Notes

Vocabulary from あ (A) to い (I)

The interjection ああ (aa) denotes a realization or acknowledgement, translated as "ah," "oh," or "yes." To meet or see a person is expressed through the verb 会う (au). Color vocabulary includes 青 (ao) and the adjective 青い (aoi), representing blue, light blue, or green, and can also describe a pale complexion. Similarly, 赤 (aka) and 赤い (akai) refer to the color red. For describing environments or personality traits, 明るい (akarui) signifies brightness, happiness, joy, or honesty. Seasonal and temporal terms include 秋 (aki) for autumn, 朝 (asa) for morning, and 朝御飯 (asagohan) specifically for breakfast. The concept of tomorrow is captures as 明日 (ashita), while the day after tomorrow is 明後日 (asatte).

Spatial reference for a distant location is あそこ (asoko), and the distal direction is あちら (achira). The verb 開く (aku) is used when something opens or becomes vacant, whereas the transitive version is 開ける (akeru). The act of giving or gifting is expressed as 上げる (ageru). Physical attributes include 足 (ashi) for the leg or foot and 頭 (atama) for the head. Something new is described as 新しい (atarashii). Adjectives for thickness and warmth include 厚い (atsui) for thick flat objects or a warm, cordial feeling, 暑い (atsui) for hot weather, and 熱い (atsui) for items that are hot to the touch.

Actions and entities starting with "a" include 遊ぶ (asobu) to play or have fun, 暖かい (atatakai) meaning warm, and 浴びる (abiru) to douse oneself or take a bath. The term 後 (ato) refers to after or behind, while あなた (anata) is the pronoun for "you." Family members are 兄 (ani) for an older brother and 姉 (ane) for an older sister. Fillers and demonstratives include あの… (ano…) for "um…" and あの (ano) for "that" (at a distance). Living spaces and safety are covered by アパート (apaato) for an apartment and 危ない (abunai) for dangerous or risky situations. Taste and quantity include 甘い (amai) for sweet and あまり (amari) for "not very" when used with a negative. Weather and snacks are represented by 雨 (ame) for rain and 飴 (ame) for candy. Verbs of movement and utility include 洗う (arau) to wash or rinse, ある (aru) to exist for inanimate objects, and 歩く (aruku) to walk on foot. To indicate "that thing" far away, あれ (are) is used.

Descriptors and basic replies include 良い (ii/yoi) for good or suitable, いいえ (iie) for no, and the polite response どういたしまして (douitashimashite) for "you are welcome." To speak, tell, or report is the verb 言う (iu). Home and inquiries are covered by 家 (ie) for house, いかが (ikaga) for "how about…" (e.g., coffee), 行く (iku/yuku) to go or head towards, いくつ (ikutsu) for "how many?" or "how old?", and いくら (ikura) for "how much does it cost?". Physical and professional terms include 池 (ike) for a pond, 医者 (isha) for a doctor, 椅子 (isu) for a chair, 忙しい (isogasii) for busy, and 痛い (itai) for painful. The phrase いただきます (itadakimasu) is used before eating, meaning "I will receive" or "bon appétit."

Numerical and temporal terms starting with "i" include the number 一 (ichi) for $1$, 一々 (ichiichi) for "one by one," and 一日 (ichinichi) for one or a whole day. The superlative is 一番 (ichiban). Inquiries of time include 何時 (itsu) for "when?". Calendar dates include 五日 (itsuka) for the $5^{th}$ day of the month or a period of five days. Collective and numerical terms include 一緒 (issho) for together, 一体 (ittai) for one whole, and 五つ (itsutsu) for five items. Frequency and current state are captured by いつも (itsumo) for always and 今 (ima) for now.

Vocabulary from う (U) to お (O)

Conceptual terms include 意味 (imi) for meaning or sense and 色 (iro) for color. Diversified items are referred to as 色々 (iroiro). Family and spatial terms include 妹 (imooto) for a younger sister and 入口 (iriguchi) for an entrance. Adjectives like 嫌 (iya) describe something unpleasant or disgusting. Hospitality is shown through いらっしゃいませ (irasshaimase), meaning "Welcome!". Existence of animate beings is the verb 居る (iru), while needing or requiring is 要る (iru). The verb 入れる (ireru) means to insert or put in. Upward or superior positions are 上 (ue), and positions behind or in back are 後ろ (ushiro). Tactile and visual descriptors include 薄い (usui) for thin or pale, and 歌 (uta) for a song, with the associated verb 歌う (utau) for singing. Concept of home is also captured as 家 (uchi). Biological and economic terms include 生まれる (umare) to be born, 海 (umi) for the sea, and 売る (uru) to sell. Outer garments are 上着 (uwagi), and graphic arts are 絵 (e).

Cinematic and linguistic terms include 映画 (eiga) for a movie, 映画館 (eigakan) for a theater, 英語 (eigo) for the English language, and the affirmative ええ (ee). Transportation and infrastructure include 駅 (eki) for a station and エレベーター (erebeetaa) for an elevator. Currency and geometry are 円 (en) for yen or a circle, and writing tools include 鉛筆 (enpitsu) for a pencil. Politeness is denoted by the prefix 御〜 (o- / go-). Sensory and size descriptors include 美味しい (oishii) for tasty and 大きい / 大きな (ookii / ookina) for big. Public and family terms include 大勢 (oozei) for a crowd, お母さん (okaasan) for mother (politely), and 奥さん (okusan) for someone's wife. Treats and finances are represented by お菓子 (okashi) for sweets and お金 (okane) for money. Morning routines include 起きる (okiru) to wake up and 置く (oku) to put or place. Communication and transit involve 送る (okuru) to send or escort. Beverages and dining include お酒 (osake) for sake or alcohol and お皿 (osara) for a plate.

Social and relative terms include 叔父さん / 伯父さん / 小父さん (ojisan) for an uncle and お爺さん / お祖父さん (ojiisan) for a grandfather. Education and interaction include 教える (oshieru) to teach or explain, 押す (osu) to push or press, and the descriptor 遅い (osoi) for late or slow. Social amenities include お茶 (ocha) for green tea, お手洗い (otearai) for a toilet or restroom, and the honorific お父さん (otousan) for father. Younger brothers are 弟 (otouuto), while males in general are 男 (otoko) and a boy is 男の子 (otokonoko). Temporal markers include 一昨日 (ototoi / issakujitsu) for the day before yesterday and 一昨年 (ototoshi / issakunen) for the year before last. Adulthood is 大人 (otona). Physicality and states include お腹 (onaka) for the stomach, 同じ (onaji) for being the same or identical, and 覚える (oboeru) to memorize. Polite address for siblings includes お兄さん (oniisan) for an older brother and お姉さん (oneesan) for an older sister. Requests utilize おねがいします (onegaishimasu) for "please."

Social figures and adjectives include 叔母さん / 伯母さん (obasan) for an aunt, お祖母さん / お婆さん (obaasan) for a grandmother, and the friendly term for a police officer, おまわりさん (omawarisan). Greetings include おはようございます (ohayou gozaimasu) for "Good morning!" and おやすみなさい (oyasumi nasai) for "Good night." Meals include お弁当 (obentou) for a boxed lunch. Adjectives include 重い (omoi) for heavy and 面白い (omoshiroi) for interesting or funny. Leisure and completion involve 泳ぐ (oyogu) to swim, 降りる (oriru) to descend or disembark from transport, and 終わる (owaru) to finish. Artistic and gender terms include 音楽 (ongaku) for music, 女 (onna) for a woman, and 女の子 (onnanoko) for a girl.

Vocabulary from か (Ka) to き (Ki)

Counting suffixes include 〜回 (kai) for numerical times and 〜階 (kai) for floors. Sovereignty and identity are covered by 外国 (gaikoku) for a foreign country and 外国人 (gaikokujin) for a foreigner. Business and home maintenance include 会社 (kaisha) for a company, 階段 (kaidan) for stairs, 買い物 (kaimono) for shopping, with the associated verb 買う (kau) for buying. Retrieval involves 返す (kaesu) to return something and 帰る (kaeru) to return home. Facial features are 顔 (kao). Economic and spatial costs are captured by 掛かる (kakaru), meaning to hang, cost, or take time. Security and writing include 鍵 (kagi) for a key and 書く (kaku) to write. Academic and temporal suffix terms include 学生 (gakusei) for a student and 〜ヶ月 (kagetsu) for a count of months.

Utility items include 掛ける (kakeru) to hang or to call on the phone, 傘 (kasa) for an umbrella, and the verb 貸す (kasu) to lend. Health and nature involve 風邪 (kaze) for a cold or flu and 風 (kaze) for wind. Social and polite units include 家族 (kazoku) for a family and 方 (kata) as a polite way to say person. Writing systems include 片仮名 (katakana). Calendars use the suffix 〜月 (gatsu) for names of months. Institutions and home life include 学校 (gakkou) for a school, カップ (kappu) for a cup, 家庭 (katei) for a household, and the corner of a street, 角 (kado). Marital and personal storage terms include 家内 (kanai) for "my wife," 鞄 (kaban) for a bag or briefcase, and 花瓶 (kabin) for a flower vase. Wearing items includes 被る (kaburu) for putting on a hat or head covering, while it can also mean to take blame or be doused.

Material and time-related terms include 紙 (kami) for paper, カメラ (kamera) for a camera, and 火曜日 (kayoubi) for Tuesday. Physical states and health are covered by 辛い (karai) for spicy, bitter, or strong, and 体 (karada) for the body or health. Borrowing is 借りる (kariru), while the descriptor 軽い (karui) means light in weight. Food and organizational items include カレー (karee) for curry, カレンダー (karendaa) for a calendar, and 川 / 河 (kawa) for a river. Directional terms include 〜側 (gawa) for a side. Personality and script include 可愛い (kawaii) for cute or lovely and 漢字 (kanji) for Chinese characters. Nature and color include 木 (ki) for a tree, and 黄色 / 黄色い (kiiro / kiiroi) for the color yellow.

Observational verbs and locations include 消える (kieru) to vanish or go out, 聞く (kiku) to hear, listen, or ask, and the direction 北 (kita) for north. Cultural items and cleanliness include ギター (gitaa) for a guitar and 汚い (kitanai) for dirty or mean. Social venues and postal items include 喫茶店 (kissaten) for a cafe, 切手 (kitte) for a stamp, and 切符 (kippu) for a ticket. Temporal and numerical terms include 昨日 (kinou) for yesterday and 九 (kyuu / ku) for the number $9$. Diet and family include 牛肉 (gyuuniku) for beef, 牛乳 (gyuunyuu) for milk, and 兄弟 (kyoudai) for siblings. Academic and temporal settings include 今日 (kyou) for today, 教室 (kyoushitsu) for a classroom, and 去年 (kyonen) for last year. Descriptors and verbs include 嫌い (kirai) for dislike, 切る (kiru) to cut or stop, 着る (kiru) to wear clothes on the upper body, and きれい (kirei) for beautiful or clean.

Vocabulary from く (Ku) to こ (Ko)

Measurement units include キロ / キログラム (kiro / kiroguramu) for kilograms and キロ / キロメートル (kiro / kiromeetoru) for kilometers. Financial and temporal institutions include 銀行 (ginkou) for a bank and 金曜日 (kinyoubi) for Friday. Medical and request terms include 薬 (kusuri) for medicine and 下さい (kudasai) for "please" (as a suffix). Physical features and diet include 果物 (kudamono) for fruit, 口 (kuchi) for the mouth, and 靴 (kutsu) for shoes. Clothing including 靴下 (kutsushita) for socks. National and atmospheric states include 国 (kuni) for a country and 曇る (kumoru) to become cloudy. Adjectives include 暗い (kurai) for dark or gloomy. Approximations use the suffix 〜位 (kurai / gurai). Educational groups are クラス (kurasu).

Movement and transport includes 来る (kuru) to come and 車 (kuruma) for a car or wagon. Colors and security include 黒 / 黒い (kuro / kuroi) for black and 警官 (keikan) for a police officer. Temporal and household terms include 今朝 (kesa) for this morning, 消す (kesu) to erase or turn off, and the entrance hall, 玄関 (genkan). Affirmations include 結構 (kekkou) for fine or enough, and marital status is 結婚 (kekkon). Weekly markers include 月曜日 (getsuyoubi) for Monday. Health and energy are captured by 元気 (genki). Counters for small items are 〜個 (ko), and languages use the suffix 〜語 (go). Geographical and communal settings include numbers like 五 (go) for $5$ and 公園 (kouen) for a park.

Infrastructure and beverages include 交差点 (kousaten) for an intersection and 紅茶 (koucha) for black tea. Security posts are 交番 (kouban). Biological and clothing terms include 声 (koe) for a voice and コート (kooto) for a coat. Beverages and location include コーヒー (koohii) for coffee and ここ (koko) for "here" (near the speaker). Temporal markers include 午後 (gogo) for PM or the afternoon and 午前 (gozen) for AM or the morning. Calendar dates and counting include 九日 (kokonoka) for the $9^{th}$ day or nine days, and 九つ (kokonotsu) for nine items. Respectful titles include 御主人 (goshujin) for a husband or master. Dialogue components include 答える (kotaeru) for answering and the meal appreciation ごちそうさまでした (gochisousama deshita).

Directions and locations close to the speaker include こちら (kochira) for this person or way, こっち (kocchi) for this way, along with the response こちらこそ (kochirakoso) for "likewise" or "it is my pleasure." Household items include コップ (koppu) for a glass or cup. Temporal terms include 今年 (kotoshi) for this year, 今月 (kongetsu) for this month, and 今週 (konshuu) for this week. General vocabulary includes 言葉 (kotoba) for words or language, and 子供 (kodomo) for a child. Situational terms include 困る (komaru) for being in trouble and the utility action コピーする (kopii suru) to copy. Admissions and apologies use ごめんください (gomen kudasai) for "Excuse me, may I come in?" and ごめんなさい (gomen nasai) for "I'm sorry."

Demonstratives near the speaker are captures by これ (kore) for "this" and the particle この (kono) for "this…" when modifying a noun. Temporal approximations use the suffix 〜頃 (koro / goro). Characterization terms include こんな (konna) for "this kind of." Daily greetings are represented by 今日は (konnichiwa) for "Good day" and the evening equivalent 今晩は (konbanwa). Internal evening timings are 今晩 (konban). Interjections include さあ (saa) for "well…" or "come now."

Vocabulary from さ (Sa) to す (Su)

Age is measured with 〜歳 (sai), and personal storage uses 財布 (saifu) for a wallet. Biology and nature include 魚 (sakana) for fish, and the concept of in front, tip, or end is captures as 先 (saki). Flora terms include 咲く (saku) to bloom. Literacy includes 作文 (sakubun) for a composition. Actions like 差す (sasu) refer to raising an umbrella or extending a hand. Literary units use 〜冊 (satsu) for books, while 雑誌 (zasshi) refers to a magazine. Kitchen items include 砂糖 (satou) for sugar. Sensations and departures include 寒い (samui) for cold and さよなら / さようなら (sayonara) for a long-term goodbye. Future temporal markers include 再来年 (sarainen) for the year after next. Honorific address uses 〜さん (san) for Mr. or Ms. Numbers include 三 (san) for $3$ and 四 (shi) for $4$. Physical activity includes 散歩 (sanpo) for a walk.

Time management includes 〜時 (ji) for the hour, 時間 (jikan) for time or duration, and the duration suffix 〜時間 (jikan). Flavor and conjunctions include 塩 (shio) for salt and 然し (shikashi) for "but" or "however." Professional life and lexicography involve 仕事 (shigoto) for work and 辞書 (jisho) or 字引 (jibiki) for a dictionary. Social states include 静か (shizuka) for quiet or calm. Positionally, 下 (shita) is used for down or below. Numbers like 七 (shichi / nana) for $7$ are used. Interaction involves 質問 (shitsumon) for a question and the apologies 失礼しました (shitsurei shimashita) for a past rudeness or 失礼します (shitsurei shimasu) when entering or leaving.

Mechanized transport includes 自転車 (jitensha) for a bicycle and 自動車 (jidousha) for an automobile. Biological and reflexive terms include 死ぬ (shinu) to die and 自分 (jibun) for oneself. Physical actions include 閉まる (shimaru) to be closed, 閉める (shimeru) to close or lock, and 締める (shimeru) to tie or economize. Transitions in speech include じゃ / じゃあ (ja / jaa) for "well then." Media and appearance involve 写真 (shashin) for a photograph, シャツ (shatsu) for a shirt, and the hygiene action シャワー (shawaa) for a shower. Numbering includes 十 (juu) for $10$. Duration of weeks uses 〜週間 (shuukan). Educational components are 授業 (jugyou) for a lesson and 宿題 (shukudai) for homework.

Performance and health are described by 上手 (jouzu) for skillful and 丈夫 (joubu) for strong, healthy, or durable. Dietary items include 醤油 (shouyu) for soy sauce and locations such as 食堂 (shokudou) for a dining hall. Knowledge is 知る (shiru). Colors include 白 / 白い (shiro / shiroi) for white. Nationalities are denoted by 〜人 (jin). Print media is 新聞 (shinbun). Weekly markers include 水曜日 (suiyoubi) for Wednesday. Physiological actions and dress include 吸う (suu) to inhale, suck, or smoke, and スカート (sukaato) for a skirt. Preferences are 好き (suki). Temporal or quantity excedence uses 〜過ぎ (sugi). Immediacy is captures by 直ぐに (suguni). Quantity includes 少し (sukoshi) for a little and the suffix 〜ずつ (zutsu) for each or by a certain amount. Climate and home heating include 涼しい (suzushii) for cool/refreshing and ストーブ (sutoobu) for a heater or stove.

Sport and cuisine include スポーツ (supootsu) for sport, スプーン (supuun) for a spoon, and ズボン (zubon) for trousers. Social apologies include すみません (sumimasen) for "Excuse me." Habitation is 住む (sumu). Casual footwear is スリッパ (surippa). General actions use the verb する (suru). Physical posture is 座る (suwaru) to sit. Stature is documented as 背 (se / sei). Education figureheads include 生徒 (seito) for a pupil.

Vocabulary from せ (Se) to そ (So)

Clothing and hygiene include セーター (seetaa) for a sweater, 石鹸 (sekken) for soap, and 背広 (sebiro) for a business suit. Space and numbering include 狭い (semai) for narrow or tight, the number ゼロ (zero) for $0$, and 千 (sen) for $1000$. Past temporal markers are 先月 (sengetsu) for last month and 先週 (senshuu) for last week. Professional titles include 先生 (sensei) for a teacher. Domestic duties include 洗濯 (sentaku) for washing clothes or laundry and 掃除 (souji) for cleaning. Completeness is captures by 全部 (zenbu) for everything or in total. Conjunctions include そうして / そして (soushite / soshite) for "and then."

Spatial references relative to the listener include そこ (soko) for "there" (near you) and those related directions are そちら (sochira) or そっち (socchi). Positionally, outside is 外 (soto). Demonstratives for objects near the listener are captured by それ (sore) for "that" and その (sono) for "that…" modifying a noun. Proximity is recorded as 側 (soba) for beside or nearby. Atmospheric terms include 空 (sora) for the sky. Transition phrases include それから (sorekara) for "and then" or "after that," and それでは (soredewa) for "well then" or "in that case."

Vocabulary from た (Ta) to つ (Tsu)

Mechanical counters are 〜台 (dai). Academic and diplomatic settings include 大学 (daigaku) for a university and 大使館 (taishikan) for an embassy. Confirmation of well-being is 大丈夫 (daijoubu) for "all right." Emphatic liking is 大好き (daisuke). Importance is 大切 (taisetsu). Frequency and location include 大抵 (taitei) for mostly or usually and the kitchen, 台所 (daidokoro). Adverbs include たいへん (taihen) for greatly or terribly. Pricing and height are captured by 高い (takai). Quantity is 沢山 (takusan) for many or plenty. Transit is タクシー (takushii) for a taxi. Output actions use 出す (dasu) to put out or extract. Plurality of people utilizes the suffix 〜達 (tachi). Physicality includes 立つ (tatsu) to stand and 建物 (tatemono) for a building. Affective terms include 楽しい (tanoshii) for pleasant or fun. Social requests are 頼む (tanomu) to ask or request. Consumption items includes 煙草 (tabako) for cigarettes, and probability is captures by 多分 (tabun) for perhaps. Nutrition involves 食べ物 (tabemono) for food and the verb 食べる (taberu) for eating. Diet includes 卵 (tamago) for an egg.

Interrogatives include 誰 (dare) for "who?". Personal milestones include 誕生日 (tanjoubi) for a birthday. Progression is recorded as 段々 (dandan) for gradually. Size and distance descriptors include 小さい / 小さな (chiisai / chiisana) for small and 近い (chikai) for near. Differences are indicated by 違う (chigau) for "to differ" or an exclamation of "no!". Proximity locations are 近く (chikaku). Urban transit is 地下鉄 (chikatetsu) for the subway. Cartography is 地図 (chizu). Family includes 父 (chichi) for one's own father. Colors include 茶色 (chairo) for brown. Tableware includes 茶碗 (chawan) for a rice bowl or tea cup. Intermediate time is captures by 〜中 (chuu). Precision and brevity include 丁度 (choudo) for exactly or just, and 一寸 (chotto) for a little bit or moment. Monthly markers include 一日 (tsuitachi) for the $1^{st}$ of the month. Utility and fatigue involve 使う (tsukau) to use and 疲れる (tsukareru) to tire. Succession is 次ぎ (tsugi). Arrivals are 着く (tsuku).

Furniture and production include 机 (tsukue) for a desk and 作る (tsukuru) to make or create. Lighting actions are 点ける (tsukeru) to turn on. Professional service is 勤める (tsutomeru). Descriptors include 詰らない (tsumaranai) for boring or insignificant. Temperature and strength include 冷たい (tsumetai) for cold (to the touch) and 強い (tsuyoi) for strong.

Vocabulary from て (Te) to と (To)

Body parts include 手 (te) for the hand. Media and home items include テープ (teepu) for tape, テーブル (teeburu) for a table, and テープレコーダー (teepurekoodaa) for a tape recorder. Transitions in location include 出掛ける (dekakeru) to go out. Personal communication is 手紙 (tegami) for a letter. Capability is 出来る (dekiru), and exits are 出口 (deguchi). Academic assessment is テスト (tesuto). Discursive fillers include では (dewa) for "well then" and the parting sentiment お元気で (ogenki de) for "stay well." Retail and negation include デパート (depaato) for a department store and でも (demo) for "but." Emergence is capture by the verb 出る (deru). Information appliances include テレビ (terebi) for a television.

Environmental and power terms include 天気 (tenki) for weather and 電気 (denki) for electricity or light. Infrastructure includes 電車 (densha) for a train and 電話 (denwa) for a phone. Architectural barriers include 戸 (to) for a Japanese-style door and ドア (doa) for a Western-style door. Measurement and frequency use the suffix 〜度 (do) for degrees or times. Hygiene locations are captures by トイレ (toire). Interrogatives use どう (dou) for "how?" (subjective opinion), どうして (doushite) for "why?" or "how?", and the polite request どうぞ (douzo). Formal greetings use どうぞよろしく (douzo yoroshiku). Fauna refers to 動物 (doubutsu). Expressions of gratitude include どうも (doumo) or the expanded どうもありがとうございます (doumo arigatou gozaimasu).

Numbering and counting include 十 (too) for $10$, and ten days or the $10^{th}$ day is captured as 十日 (tooka). Distance include 遠い (tooi) for far. Regularity includes 時々 (tokidoki) for sometimes. Timekeeping tools are 時計 (tokei) for a clock or watch. Interrogatives for location are どこ (doko). General location is 所 (tokoro). Calendar units are 年 (toshi) for a year. Education stores include 図書館 (toshokan). Interrogatives include 何方 (dochira) for "where," "which," or "who" and the intensified どなた (donata) as a polite version of "who?". Relative positioning is 隣り (tonari) for next-door or adjacent. Adjectives for intensity are とても (totemo) for very.

Determiners and avian biology include どの (dono) for "which…" and 鳥 (tori) for a bird. Dietary poultry is 鳥肉 (toriniku). Action verbs include 飛ぶ (tobu) to fly or jump, 止まる (tomaru) to stop, and 取る (toru) to take or catch, while 撮る (toru) is reserved for taking photographs. Social circles involve 友達 (tomadachi) for a friend. Weekly markers include 土曜日 (doyoubi) for Saturday. Interrogatives for selection include どれ (dore) for "which one" (among three or more) and どんな (donna) for "what kind of?"

Vocabulary from な (Na) to の (No)

Existence through negation is 無い (nai) for "not to be" or "to not exist." Cutlery includes ナイフ (naifu) for a knife. Positionally, inside or the middle is captures by 中 (naka). Measurements include 長い (nagai) for long. Auditory animal signals are 鳴く (naku). Inquiries include なぜ (naze) for "why?". Seasons and breaks include 夏 (natsu) for summer and 夏休み (natsuyasumi) for summer vacation. Continuing series use など (nado) for "et cetera." Numerical and temporal terms include numbers like 七つ (nanatsu) for seven items and the date 七日 (nanoka) for seven days or the $7^{th}$ day of the month. Identity is captures as 名前 (namae). Academic pursuit involves 習う (narau) to learn. Arrangement involve 並ぶ (narabu) for things in a row or to be equal, and 並べる (naraberu) to line things up. Transitions are marked by なる (naru) for "to become." Numbering includes 二 (ni) for $2$.

Liveliness is described by 賑やか (nigiyaka) for bustling or busy. Diet and direction include 肉 (niku) for meat and 西 (nishi) for west. Temporal markers include 〜日 (nichi) for the day of the month or number of days and 日曜日 (nichiyoubi) for Sunday. Logistics involves 荷物 (nimotsu) for luggage or a load. Information services include ニュース (nyuusu) for news. Domestic landscapes include 庭 (niwa) for a garden or yard. Counters for people are 〜人 (nin). Rituals of dress involve 脱ぐ (nugu) to take off clothes. Thermal descriptors include 温い (nurui) for lukewarm. Clothing accessories include ネクタイ (nekutai) for a necktie. Fauna include 猫 (neko) for a cat. Circadian rhythms involve 寝る (neru) to sleep. Temporal units use the suffix 〜年 (nen) for the year. Literacy includes ノート (nooto) for a notebook or notes. Activity include 登る (noboru) to climb. Sustenance includes 飲み物 (nomimote) for a drink and the verb 飲む (nomu) to drink. Transport involves 乗る (noru) to ride or board.

Vocabulary from は (Ha) to ひ (Hi)

Biology includes 歯 (ha) for a tooth. Social events include パーティー (paatii) for a party. Affirmations are はい (hai). Suffixes for liquid volume include 〜杯 (hai / pai) for cups or glasses. Home items include 灰皿 (haizara) for an ashtray and 箱 (hako) for a box. Transition and post include 入る (hairu) to enter and 葉書 (hagaki) for a postcard. Legwear involves はく (haku) for wearing items on the lower body. Infrastructure and dining tools include 橋 (hashi) for a bridge and 箸 (hashi) for chopsticks. Commencement and greetings includes 始まる (hajimaru) to begin, 始め / 初め (hajime) for the beginning, and 始めまして (hajimemashite) for "Nice to meet you."

Actions include 走る (hashiru) to run, and transit is captures by バス (basu) for a bus. Ingredients include バター (bataa) for butter. Personal milestones include 二十歳 (hatachi) for $20$ years of age. Labor is captures as 働く (hataraku). Numbers include 八 (hachi) for $8$, and the date 二十日 (hatsuka) for $20$ days or the $20^{th}$ day. Biology includes 花 (hana) for a flower and 鼻 (hana) for a nose. Communication involves 話 (hanashi) for a talk or story and the verb 話す (hanasu) to speak. Family includes 母 (haha) for one's own mother. Adjectives include 早い (hayai) for early and 速い (hayai) for fast. Seasons and weather include 春 (haru) for spring, 晴れ (hare) for clear weather, and the verb 晴れる (hareru) to clear up. Utility include 貼る (haru) to stick or glue.

Quantity markers include 〜半 (han) for a half and 半分 (hanbun) for half or a half-minute. Temporal markers include 晩 (ban) for evening and the ordinal suffix 〜番 (ban) for a sequence number. Diet include パン (pan) for bread. Personal effects include ハンカチ (hankachi) for a handkerchief. Identification uses 番号 (bangou) for a number. Dining include 晩御飯 (bangohan) for dinner. Directional terms include 東 (higashi) for east. Suffixes for fauna include 〜匹 (hiki) for small animals. Utility actions include 引く (hiku) to pull and 弾く (hiku) to play a musical instrument. Descriptive terms include 低い (hikui) for low. Transportation include 飛行機 (hikouki) for an airplane. Navigation include 左 (hidari) for left. Human descriptors include 人 (hito) for a person, and counting people uses 一人 (hitori) for one person. Quantity includes 一つ (hitotsu) for one item and 一月 (hitotsuki) for one month. Leisure is recorded as 暇 (hima) for free time. Numbers include 百 (hyaku) for $100$. Healthcare locations are 病院 (byouin).

Vocabulary from ふ (Fu) to ほ (Ho)

Medical states include 病気 (byouki) for illness. Script systems include 平仮名 (hiragana). Temporal markers include 昼 (hiru) for midday and 昼御飯 (hirugohan) for lunch. Adjectives for space include 広い (hiroi) for wide or spacious. Photography and correspondence include フィルム (firumu) for film and 封筒 (fuutou) for an envelope. Leisure includes プール (puuru) for a pool. Cutlery is captures as フォーク (fooku). Nature and weather include 吹く (fuku) to blow (wind) and the noun 服 (fuku) for clothes. Numbers include 二つ (futatsu) for two items. Diet includes 豚肉 (butaniku) for pork. Counting people involves 二人 (futari) for two people. Monthly dates include 二日 (futsuka) for the $2^{nd}$ day or two days. Physical descriptors include 太い (futoi) for thick or fat. Seasons include 冬 (fuyu) for winter. Precipitation involves 降る (furu) to rain or snow. Adjectives include 古い (furui) for old (objects). Hygiene and temporal increments include お風呂 (ofuro) for a bath, the duration suffix 〜分 (fun) for minutes, and ページ (peeji) for a page.

Skill level descriptors include 下手 (heta) for unskillful. Furniture and home include ベッド (beddo) for a bed, 部屋 (heya) for a room, and 辺 (hen) for an area or vicinity. Literacy items include ペン (pen) for a pen and ボールペン (boorupen) for a ballpoint pen. Activity involves 勉強 (benkyou) for studying. Adjectives for utility include 便利 (benri) for convenient. Navigation involves 方 (hou) for direction or side. Apparel and retail include 帽子 (boushi) for a hat and ポケット (poketto) for a pocket. Identity include 外 (hoka) for other. Desires are captures by 欲しい (hoshii) for "wanted." Descriptors include 細い (hosoi) for thin or narrow. Mechanical items include ボタン (botan) for a button. Tourism locations are ホテル (hoteru) for a hotel. Literacy involve 本 (hon) for a book, the suffix 〜本 (hon) for long objects, and 本棚 (hondana) for a bookshelf. Authenticity is captured as 本当 (hontou) for truth or reality.

Vocabulary from ま (Ma) to む (Mu)

Regularity uses the prefix 毎… (mai) for every, including 毎朝 (maiasa) for every morning, 毎月 (maigetsu/maitsuki) for every month, 毎週 (maishuu) for every week, 毎日 (mainichi) for every day, 毎年 (mainen) for every year, and 毎晩 (maiban) for every evening. Suffixes for flat objects are 〜枚 (mai). Spatial and temporal positions include 前 (mae) for front or before, and the temporal suffix 〜前 (mae) for "ago." Movement include 曲がる (magaru) to turn or bend. Adjectives for unpalatability include 不味い (mazui) for untasty, unskillful, or unattractive. Adverbs include 又 (mata) for again or also, and 未だ (mada) for still or yet not. Urbanization include 町 (machi) for a town. Actions include 待つ (matsu) to wait, and navigation is captures as まっすぐ (massugu) for straight ahead.

Homonymous terms include マッチ (macchi) for matches, a sporting match, or to match. Architecture include 窓 (mado) for a window. Geometry include 丸い / 円い (marui) for round. Large numbering involves 万 (man) for $10{,}000$. Writing instruments include 万年筆 (mannenhitsu) for a fountain pen. Hygiene involves 磨く (migaku) to polish or brush. Navigation include 右 (migi) for right. Adjectives include 短い (mijikai) for short. Liquids include 水 (mizu) for water. Retail include 店 (mise) for a shop and the verb 見せる (miseru) for showing. Navigation include 道 (michi) for a road or path. Monthly dates and counting include 三日 (mikka) for the $3^{rd}$ day or three days, and 三つ (mittsu) for three items. Social inclusivity uses 皆さん (minasan) for everyone or "Ladies and Gentlemen" and みんな (minna) for everyone casually.

Geography include 南 (minami) for south. Biology includes 耳 (mimi) for an ear. Visual actions involve 見る (miru) to look or see. Monthly dates and counting include 六日 (muika) for the $6^{th}$ day or six days, and 六つ (muttsu) for six items. Spatial reference is captures as 向こう (mukou) for over there. Adjectives include 難しい (muzukashii) for difficult. Biology includes 目 (me) for an eye. Measurements include メートル (meetoru) for a meter. Visual aids include 眼鏡 (megane) for glasses. Adverbs of completion are captures by もう (mou) for "already," and frequency by もう一度 (mou ichido) for "once more."

Vocabulary from め (Me) to わ (Wa)

Weekly markers include 木曜日 (mokuyoubi) for Thursday. Communications includes もしもし (moshimoshi) for a telephone greeting. Affirmations include 勿論 (mochiron) for of course. Ownership and objects include 持つ (motsu) to hold or own and 物 (mono) for a thing. Gradation uses もっと (motto) for "more." Architecture include 門 (mon) for a gate. Intellectual pursuit involves 問題 (mondai) for a problem or question. Retail suffixes use 〜屋 (ya) for a shop or occupation. Food and nutrition include 八百屋 (yaoya) for a greengrocer, 野菜 (yasai) for vegetables, and diet descriptors include 安い (yasui) for cheap. Adjectives for facility include 易しい (yasashii) for easy.

Temporal and breaks include 休み (yasumi) for a rest or holiday and 休む (yasumu) to rest or take time off. Numerical and geographical items include numbers such as 八つ (yattsu) for eight items and the noun 山 (yama) for a mountain. Actions involve 遣る (yaru) to do or give. Diurnal markers include 夕方 (yuugata) for evening, 昨夜 (yuube) for last night, and 夜 (yoru) for night. Postal services involve 郵便局 (yuubinkyoku) for a post office. Recognition is recorded as 有名 (yuumei) for famous. Weather includes 雪 (yuki) for snow. Adverbs include ゆっくりと (yukkuri to) for slowly or without haste.

Monthly dates include 八日 (youka) for the $8^{th}$ day or eight days. Apparel is captures as 洋服 (youfuku) for Western-style clothes. Frequency is captures by よく (yoku) for often. Spatial orientation include 横 (yoko) for side or width. Monthly dates and counting include 四日 (yokka) for the $4^{th}$ day or four days and 四つ (yottsu) for four items. Social actions include 呼ぶ (yobu) to call or invite and 読む (yomu) to read. Future temporal markers include 来月 (raigetsu) for next month, 来週 (raishuu) for next week, and 来年 (rainen) for next year. Media devices include ラジオ (rajio) for a radio. Descriptors include 立派 (rippa) for splendid or fine. Academic identity is captures as 留学生 (ryuugakusei) for an international student. Family involves 両親 (ryoushin) for parents. Leisure involves 旅行 (ryokou) to travel and cuisine is recorded as 料理 (ryouri). Numbering uses 零 (rei) for $0$. Home appliances include 冷蔵庫 (reizouko) for a refrigerator. Entertainment include レコード (rekoodo) for a record and レストラン (resutoran) for a restaurant. Practice is captures by 練習 (renshuu). Final numbers are captures as 六 (roku) for $6$. Clothes include ワイシャツ (waishatsu) for a dress shirt. Age is described by 若い (wakai) for young. Cognition is recorded as 分かる (wakaru) to understand. Mental lapses include 忘れる (wasureru) to forget. Self-identity is 私 (watashi/watakushi) for "I." Final verbs involve 渡す (watasu) to hand over and 渡る (wataru) to cross. Characterization is recorded as 悪い (warui) for bad or at fault.