Addiction

Describe

• Describe biological explanations of addictive behaviours [10] (2023)

• Describe two individual differences explanations for addictive behaviours. [10] (2019)

• Describe two social psychological explanations of addictive behaviours. [10] (2018)

Evaluate

• Evaluate the effectiveness and ethical implications of one method of modifying addictive behaviours [10] (2023)

• Some psychologists would suggest that individual differences explanations do not explain addictive behaviours as well as the biological and social psychological explanations.

  With reference to this statement, evaluate individual differences explanations of addictive behaviours [15] (2019)

• Evaluate methods of modifying addictive behaviours. [10] (2018)

• Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of one method of modifying addictive behaviours. [10] (2017)

Describe + evaluate

• Briefly describe and evaluate one social psychological explanation of addictive behaviours. [10] (2022)

• Briefly describe and evaluate aversion therapy as a method of modifying addictive behaviours. [10] (2022)

Application

• Briefly explain how biological explanations could be applied to modifying addictive behaviours [5] (2023)

• Briefly explain how biological explanations could be applied to methods of modifying addictive behaviours. [5] (2022)

• Briefly describe how biological explanations could be applied to modifying addictive behaviours. [5] (2018)

• Signs of fruit machine addiction include: the belief that one is not gambling with real money; the development of a personal ‘relationship’ with the machine; and a feeling of irritation if someone else is playing that machine. Addicts may play for longer than they planned and lie about how much money they have won or lost.

  Describe how two explanations of addictive behaviours can be applied to the above scenario [15] (2017)

Criminal

Describe

• Describe two biological explanations of criminal behaviour. [5+5] (2017)

• Describe one biological explanation for criminal behaviours. [5] (2018)

• Describe one individual differences explanation for criminal behaviours. [5] (2018)

• Briefly describe the characteristics of criminal behaviours. [5] (2019)

• Describe one social psychological explanation of criminal behaviours. [5] (2019)

• Briefly describe one biological explanation and one individual differences

  explanation of criminal behaviours. [5+5] (2022)

Evaluate + apply

• ‘Criminals are born and not made.’

  With reference to explanations of criminal behaviour assess how far you agree with the statement above. [15] (2017)

• Rhys works in a young offenders’ institution. His clients are young males whose criminal behaviours have included acts of violence and theft. With reference to either anger management or restorative justice, discuss the strengths and weaknesses of Rhys using this method to modify the criminal behaviours of his clients. [15] (2018)

• Some psychologists would suggest that criminal behaviours can only be understood through a combination of different explanations. With reference to this statement, evaluate explanations of criminal behaviours. [15] (2019)

• Over the last 25 years, the UK prison population has almost doubled in size. However, research has found that around 20% of ex-prisoners will reoffend within a year of leaving prison. With reference to the above statement, evaluate the effectiveness and social implications of one method of modifying criminal behaviours. [15] (2022)

Schizophrenia

Describe

• Describe two individual differences explanations of schizophrenia. [5+5] (2017)

• Identify and describe the characteristics of schizophrenia. [10] (2018)

• Briefly describe the characteristics of schizophrenia. [5] (2022)

Describe + evaluate

• Briefly describe and evaluate one biological explanation of schizophrenia. [10] (2022)

Describe + apply

• Rhian has been experiencing some distressing symptoms and has been referred to a psychiatrist. She reports hearing voices and is worried that people are watching her. Her father reports that Rhian often does not go to work, has a lack of interest in what is going on around her and shows very little emotion. He worries that recent family problems may have affected his daughter. Describe how two explanations of schizophrenia could be applied to the above scenario. [15] (2019)

Evaluate

• Evaluate biological explanations of schizophrenia. [10] (2017)

• Evaluate social psychological explanations of schizophrenia. [10] (2019)

Evaluate + apply

• Some psychologists would suggest that individual differences explanations do not fully explain schizophrenia. With reference to this statement, evaluate individual differences explanations of schizophrenia. [15] (2018)

• One of Siwan’s symptoms of schizophrenia is disorganised thinking. In addition, from time to time she suffers from hallucinations and delusions. Briefly evaluate how effective cognitive behavioural therapy could be in modifying Siwan’s symptoms. [10] (2022)

Application

• Briefly explain how biological explanations could be applied to modifying schizophrenia. [5] (2017)