MIDTERM

  1. Form
  2. Style
  3. Content
  4. Medium
  5. Formal
  6. elements
  7. Line and shape

   

  1. line - has length and directions and Shape gas body-enclosed, geometric, biomorphic, opened, or closed
  2. Usually artist have different interpretation
  3. Scale References to the size of human body Artist use scale different from lifesize and it affect one's feeling
  4. COlor Hues the colors we see with our eyes

       1. Primary, Analogous ,Complementary , Secondary 2. Warm colors- red yellow and orange ( fire) Cool colors - green , purple, and blue (retreating ) Value ( light or darkness )

  1. Darker the deeper the value Saturation ( intensity ) A color’s brightness or dullness
  2. Texture (grainy, oily, smooth, or rough, polished
  3. Tactic quality of the surface Space
  4. Three dimensional ( sculpture ,inslations)
  5. Two dimensional (painting, lithography, photography )
    1. Composition

   

  1. Picture plane - flat surface
  2. Picture space Illusionistic space ( with foreground, middleground and background)
  3. Pose The arrangement of the parts of the human body Content The Subject matter History , nature, recognizable or political, economic
  4. Everyone sees something different - art can have more than one meaning.Ideas, feelings, patron, or audience (ex cathedrals, buildings)
    1. Style -a certain combination of formal elements

   

  1. Period style- historical era
  2. Regional style- architecture
  3. Representational - relatable, realism, naturalism, idealization, illusion
  4. Non- Representational- not real/ abstract
  5. Expressionism - combination of both styles of abstract and Linear Creates illusions, line, definitions
  6. Painterly style See the brush strokes and texture
  7. Medium Materials of artwork and technique ( transform the medium into art)

ART of the Ancient near East

  1. Sumerian (2040 or 2041 BCE)

   

  1. First writing appears ( Cuneiform)
  2. Sumer Ziggurats were structural temples at the top
  3. The society was polytheistic Sky god Anu Made of limestone called votive statues ( 2900- 2600)
  4. Cylinder seal were a form to use signature Standard of UR, inlay is used to crate figural scenes
    1. Akkadain

   

  1. The stele of naram-sin military victories

  2. Hierarchy scale Babylonian Stele of Hummarubi c (1792- 1750 BCE)

  3. Code of law created by first ruler ( the Babylonian king Hammurabi)

  4. Political turmoil settled during this time Appears cuneiform script on a sele Assyrian King was Assurnasirpal II Killing lions

  5. Interesting in architecture and decorations Usually used limestone

  6. Lamassu - guarded the castles Assyrians decorated walls paintings and stone wall Created Venner Of Pictorial

  7. Neo-Babylonian

    1. Egyptian Art

     1. Nile river was important to their way of living - agriculture 2. Prepared their lives for the afterlife- religion, rituals 3. Split into three periods 4. Platelets were usually found with drawings like the Ex: Palette of Narmer 5. Horus ( falcon with human)- Whatever you wanted to bring to afterlife 6. Physical things Memory or composite image showing the figure in the most memorable way not realistic 7. Had to constantly bring offerings to death kings.

        1. Elements of architecture: Mastaba to pyramid 2. Ka = spirit on life force of a person that lives on after death 3. Mastaba = a flat topped one story structure with slanted walls erected above and underground chamber

  1. Three types of Pyramids

     1. Khufu 2. Khafre 3. Menkaure 4. Within these temples they were connected to temples where they prepared and performed rituals and believed to be sent through the Nile river. 5. Old kingdom Sculpture could serve as a body for the Ka Stability of the ruler

  1. New Kingdom

     1. Thebes becomes the new capital 2. Egyptian kings are named Pharaohs 3. They had to take offerings to Other Kings Funerary temple dedicated to sun gods Hatshepsut 4. Akhenaten - change name in honored to sun god Pharaoh during the new kingdom period Changed the capital and the art changed 5. Established a monotheistic religion in honor of the sun god aten and Hyroglifics 6. Focused on the physical ability of the human body

  1. Four periods of ancient greece

     1. Geometric : 900 -600 BCE 2. Archaic: 600 - 480 BCE 3. Clascial: 480- 323 BCE 4. Hellenistics: 323- 150 BCE 5. Geometric Period era The greek alphabet createdTrade & colonization were realized

        1. Used ceramics were used to store rice, wine, or put onto a grave. 2. Funerary Vessel Ritual Meander pattern- associated with greek culture 3. Krater- vase used as a grave marker Greek isn’t about afterlife 4. Archaic Anavysos Kouros

           1. Used as grave marker or placed on top of tomb of a dead man Image of young men 2. Archaic Smile - slight smile seen only in Greek artwork

              1. Representation of social class Associated with greek goddesses the Black figure

  1. Classical Period

     1. The greeks created ideal image and structures based on perfect mathematical proportions

        1. Three general concepts

           1. Humanism 2. Rationinsim 3. Idealism 4. Material was different like bronze

  1. Polykleitos - greek sculpture

     1. Wrote a book on proportions called Canon 2. CONTRAPPOSTO - shift of weight, S curve of spine, tension & relaxation of the body

        1. Aphrodite- greek goddesses of love and beauty 2. Athens Acropolis Athena patron saint of athens

  1. Roman Art

     1. Republic- governed by Senate, made up of upper-class citizens 2. 500 - 30 BCE Empire -Governed by emperor, who assumes authoritarian rule 30- 1453 BCE Republic period denarius with portrait julius caesar 3. When someone passed away they would created a sculpture of dead and keep it like patrician carrying busts of two ancestors Wanted to bring water in the city so they build Pont du gard

        1. Elements of architecture

           1. Arch and vault 2. Peristyle garden, 3. house of ventti 4. High class people had these gardens 5. Herakleitos -UPSWEPT FLOOR Wall paintings 6. Ixion room villa of mysteries 7. Colosseum - Rome 72-80 CE Place for sports Reenactment of battles ( 100 days of games)

              1. Killed animals 2. Used arch and vault system 3. Arch of Titus Rome c 81 ce( restored 1822) 4. Concrete and white marble - Basilica Ulpia Influenced the first catholic churches 5. \ 4. Religious architecture

        1. Dome of the parthenon

           1. Used concrete Capital of eastern empire - Constantinople - Istanbul - present day 2. Religion that was growing was christianity 3. The pantheon Rotunda: circular room 4. coffers : recessed ceiling panels 5. Oculus: Central circular opening

  1. Jewish, early Christian & Byzantine Monthohesis
  2. religions: Judaism

     1. Christian 2. Islam
3. Jewish

        1. used images on catacomb menorahs and ark of the covenant 3rd century Christianization- the assimilation of well- established Roman pagan artistic and image into early christianity. 2. The Good shepherd, Eastern Mediterranean, probably Anatolia Present day Turkey 3. A leader wrote that christianity was acceptable Becoming the primary religion in roman the good shepherd mosaic in the lunette over the west entrance 4. The Roman Basilica Become the Christian Church Built on the old grave in saint peters, 319 CE Forum of Trajan 112, CE 4. Latin cross plan

        1. Apse 2. Transept 3. Nave 4. Aisles 5. In order to support the dome they would use

           1. Pendentives= Triangular areas in between the arches that are used to support the dome Church of San Vitale Ravenna c520-548

              1. The painting of mosaic , san vitale, raveena j 2. esus is in the center wearing purple symbolizes royalty 3. Hold a crown showing the gift of giving Next to him are angles that are like protecting him 4. On the left is Saint Paul On the right is a bishop mosaic san vitale 5. Showing things used within the church like the eucharist or incense 2. empress theodora and her attendants 3. The picture shows Jesus with Virgin Mary Jesus is always depicted as a adult because he's the son of God virgin and child with saints angels, 4. Monastery of Saint Catherine, Mount sinai, Egypt Manuscript page with rebecca at dwell (FROM THE BOOK OF GENESIS This picture was dyed to into purple (Royalty) 5. The naked women, borrowed from Roman art, were still seen in the early period.

  1. Islamic Art
  2. Art of the Islamic World It took up North Africa, Spain, Saudi Arabia, etc Early Islamic Art Umayyad dynasty 661-750 CE

     1. Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, begun 692 CE

        1. Where mohammed ascended to heaven 2. Aniconic Art: art that does not contain images of human figures 3. Arabesques: Rhythmic linear patterns of scrolling vines 4. Christian believe where abram sacrificed issac 5. Geometric shapes and patterns -

           1. The top has Arabic writing from the Quran Was made after their prophet death 2. Calligraphy- art of fine hand lettering 3. Page from Quran with kufic scripts,from syria, 4. Vellum or parchment- fine animal skin prepared for writing 2. Islamic Architecture Mosque - building used for communal muslim workshop

        1. Qibla: wall in a mosque facing the direction of Mecca 2. Mihrab: niche that identifies the qibla wall 3. Minbar: pulpitUmayyds move to Cordoba, Spain 4. The great mosque rebuilt late 785-786 and Used red bricks and white something that can stand through natural disasters 5. Mihrab, great mosque, cordoba added by al-HankanmII 6. Horseshoe arch Seljuk Dynasty -1037- 1157 CE

           1. Salju rulers were patrons of the arts, building, many mosques, and people that studied the quran. 2. Pointed arch- (used western culture later on) Muqarnaias looks like honeycombs used outside in outer Iwan Iwan inside the courtyard 7. Tile mosaic mihrab 8. Madrasa- islamic schools 9. Wall with Torah niche, dura Eurpos, syria, 244-245 CE 3. Torah= a scroll that contains the first five books of the Hebrew Bible 4. The Anthems of Tralles and Isidorus of miletus, church of Hagia Sophia Purpose was a church but later turned to mosque 5. The Interior view, hagia sophia, constantinople

  1. early Asian art

   

  1. Includes all asian countries but focusing on India and China Silk road reaches from the Mediterranean to the Pacific Ocean
  2. Religion used- buddhism and hinduism originated throughout asia
  3. Confucianism & Taoism in china Buddha- “Enlightened one “ at age of 35 (mediated for 6 years)
  4. Prince of siddhartha Gautama Died at age of 80 Great Stupa at sanchi, india

       1. The remains of Buddah Walk clockwise ( like they do in the islamic religion) 2. Representing the world the bridge and at the center of the structure 3. The middle part is being held up because they are sacred Features of Stupa Stupa- mound like or semi hemisphere structure containing Buddhist relics with monks but ashes Craved with art all around 4. Circumambulate - walking around the structure in a clockwise direction 5. Torana - large stone gates marking entrance to walkway at sanchi stupa

          1. Aniconic Period 5th-1st century BCE

             1. Aniconic - tells the story of Buddah’s life without using image of buddha 2. The symbol of his present Forms and symbols can tell stories 3. Chakra - wheel of life Buddah ( his teachings) 4. Bodhi tree - enlightenment Yakshi Bracket figureUsed in decoration because it connected with people she symbolizes the feminine side of women and attributes Buddha is always represented with relax and one hand up Powerful serious frontal figure

  1. Iconic Period - 1 century CE to present

   

  1. Symbols

       1. Ushnisha - bun or top knot symbolizes his enlightenment 2. Urna- Turf of white hair between eyes of symbolizes divine vision 3. Long ear lobe - when he wore heavy jewelry 4. Mudra- Monks robe - usually wearing 5. Charka- Dias/ platform - always elevated show his importance Bodhisattva Painting in cave Before he became who he was - a Was a prince in the painting

  1. Hinduism

   

  1. Polyestics belief
  2. Have many functions like represented in drawing and different aspects
  3. Another picture is one head and many hands
  4. Ancient Chinese Art Qin (ch’in)c Dynasty 221- 206 BCE

       1. They defeat their revival and unify under rule Shihuangdi Terracotta - clay fired at a low temperature Great wall constructed Army of the first Emperor of Qin Showing skills and ever figure is different More than 7000 soldiers and more Built on a assembly line

  1. Chinese Architecture

       1. Bracketing system - protecting horizontal architectural elements aby system of construction- cubic units tomb model of house eastern han dynasty

Pagoda - Buddhist temple based on Indian stupa blended with chinese home design GREAT wall

  1. Late Asian Art (600 BCE - 1830 )

   

  1. Architecture

       1. Temple of Shiva- God of Destruction 2. Kandariya Mahadeva Temple c 1000 CE, Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh, India Sikhara ( tower)

          1. Decorated the temple with a story of sexual activity 3. Shiva Nataraja ( Shiva as Lord of the Dance) Chola Dynasty, 11th century CE.

          1. IndiaFire represents- destruction 2. Drum - MUdra Nimbus Shiva creates a universe to the fire drumbeat’s rhythm while the fire represents destruction Dwarf figure symbolizes ignorance Mughal Empire Islam comes to India in the 8th century Empire stretched from Afghanistan to Delhi It Reached its height in the 17th century with rulers Jahangir and Shah Jahan. 3. Nadir al-Zaman ( Abu’l Hassan) Diplomatic gift Tal Mahal, Agra, India, c 1631-1648

             1. Symbols Pointed arches Domes (dome of rock) 2. The garden of pantheonsOne side mosque and other temple Used calligraphy of scriptures

  1. Chinese Art

   

  1. Song Dynasty (11 century)

       1. The height of chinese landscape painting Artists worked in imperial workshops 2. Expressed Daoist beliefs Fan Kuan, Travelers among Mountains and streams, northern song period ( hanging scroll)

          1. Types of scrolls Hanging Scroll- vertical Silk hanging with text or image 2. Hand scroll- horizontal

             1. Zhao Mengfu, Autumn colors on the Qiao and hua Showing how small we are and The forbidden City, now the palace museum, beijing (golden cage) 1420 the emperor created homes 24 emperor ruled countries for 500 years ‘ Took 21 million to build Emperor was associated with dragon Guarded against fir and evil spirits ( 1911 ended) 2. Japanese Art Tale of Genji by Lady Muraski World's oldest novel written in the 11 century View of Heian court culture Story of the love affair Closer look: scene from the Tale of Genji The man is saying goodbye to women because she’s going to die ( hand scroll)

                1. We get birds eye view

  1. Edo Period (1603- 1867)

   

  1. Ukiyo- e woodblock prints P
  2. ictures of floating world Toshusai sharaku prints Hokusai, the great wave C, 1830 Woodblock or relief print
    1. Romanesque

   

  1. Medieval Europe around 1100
  2. ROmanesque art & architecture 1000- 1100 ( 11th centuries - 12 centuries )

       1. Massive building resurgence Sudden surge of church building 2. The monastery of San Vittore alle Chiuse, Genga, Italy, undressed stone, has a typically 3. fortress- like appearance with small windows of early Romanesque Characteristic Very solid and compact Little natural light Built for person connection with God 4. Barrel/ vault - roundarches ( used by romans) 5. Thick walls- made of stone 6. Round arch- 7. Buttress - to sustain the walls for outside Reconstruction drawing & floor plan

          1. example of cathedral of Saint James , Santiago De Compostela, Spain, 1078-1112 On top of crossing has a dome and brings light into the 2. The Romanesque portal Two doors 3. Tympanum- similar idea to add decoration South Portal and Porch showing christ in majesty, priory church Showing When Jesus returned to heaven to judge others

  1. Souls being weight

       1. The last judgment picture that you have to follow the religion or you'll go to hell

          1. The flight into egypt, capital from the choir pier Pilasters, Cathedral of Saint- Lazare, autun 1125

             1. Cathedral Museum of Saint Lau Wilgeno, creation and fall of adam and eve Christ in majesty, apse painting in the church of San Climent, Tuall, Catalunya, spain 2. Representing the sacred place and Jesus sitting Virgin and child, from Auvergne region, france Originally had more colors bur faded off

  1. Gothic Art & Architecture First building as gothic Abbot suger was inspired by:

   

  1. Mathematical Harmony
  2. Mystical effect of light ( divine luminosity)
  3. Vertically ( height) which expressed a sense of connection between God and the christian worshippers

       1. Abbot suger at the feet of the virgin. S 2. tained glass windows of saint Denis, france, circa 1140 3. interior view of choir of the abbey church 4. Having more colorful windows, pointed arches, gripped growing vault, and lightning

          1. Romanesque - rounded, Groin vault Gothic vault have 4 access points 2. This encourages experimentation with height & stained glass 3. Example of rib vaults and bays in the churches of St. Denis and Divine luminosity- used as connection with God in romanesque era

  1. Cathedral of Notre-Dame Paris ,France

   

  1. Burial of royal family Choir is the space behind the church
  2. How it was done- pointed arches didn't need a thick wall . pushing it down, resting on thin columns

       1. Church resprented holy jerusalem 2. Light was connected to light 3. Elements - structure 4. Towers- usually haad one or two t ROse window - Lancet window - the side of windows

          1. Portal- basics chartists of the romanesque 2. Pinnacle - Flying buttress - Vault - Round arches pushes weight outward Charles Cathedral 1134 and 1194 Dedicated to the Virgin Mary First Church to include flying buttresses from the beginning

             1. The top of the towers are different because after a fire they rebuilt it differenly 2. Rose window and lancets, North Transept, Chartres, Cathedral C 1230-1235 With characters of people in bible of the old testament and symbols of Virgin Mary and Holy Spirit

                1. A fire happened and the only thing that stayed together the window with Virgin Mary

                   1. Royal Portal, west, facade, charles cathedral Has a lot more detail 3d dimensional

                      1. Jamb- the side and entrance of cathedral 2. Jamb statues from the royal portal, right side of central west point, chartres, cathedral 1145-155 2. Shows holiness but human like proportions lacking details

                      1. Saint Theodore, jamb statues south transept, charles Cathedral Shows individualism and a story behind each person more details Sainite- Chapelle, paris, 1243-1248 2. Dercorred from top to bottom and opened with satin glass windows Interior of charles cathedral