HS 2000 FIRST PP

Health is "a quality of life, involving social, emotional, mental, spiritual, and biological fitness on the part of the individual, which results from adaptations to the environment." — René Dubos
WHO definition: "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." (fundamental right; dependent on cooperation of individuals and states)

3 dimensions (WHO): $3$ – Social, Mental, Physical
6 dimensions (textbook): $6$ – Social, Physical, Intellectual, Emotional, Spiritual, Environmental
When all dimensions are balanced and well developed, they support an active, thriving lifestyle

Wellness continuum: from signs of illness to optimal health/wellness to death, with a neutral point
Visual emphasis: balance across dimensions supports overall well-being

Healthy People 2020/2030 determinants (overlapping domains):
- Individual behavior
- Health services
- Health outcomes
- Policymaking
- Biology and genetics
- Social factors
Social determinants of health (examples): Education; Access and Quality; Economic Stability; Social and Community Context; Health Care Access and Quality; Neighborhood and Built Environment
Race/ethnicity are risk markers reflecting underlying factors (socioeconomic status, access, occupation exposure); age-adjustment is important when comparing groups

Mindfulness axioms: Intention, Attention, Attitude (cyclic, interwoven, moment-to-moment process)
Components: Thoughts, Sensations, Emotions, Awareness
Health benefits (from research): improved attention control, emotion regulation, self-awareness and self-regulation; coping with stress and chronic illness; reductions in depression, anxiety, chronic pain, high blood pressure, and more

Health behaviors: actions affecting health or mortality; can be intentional or unintentional; can affect individuals, groups, or populations
- Examples: Eating pattern, Sleep, Physical activity, Smoking, Substance use, Risky sexual activities, Health care seeking, Adherence to treatments
Risk factors (definitions):
- Cancer risk factors include age, family history, tobacco use, radiation/chemicals exposure, certain infections, genetic changes
- Other risk factors are biological, psychological, family, community, or cultural level factors that precede and precede negative outcomes
Modifiable determinants for chronic disease and death: $7/10$ deaths linked to modifiable behaviors; top four: lack of physical activity, poor nutrition, excessive alcohol, tobacco use
Avoiding these four factors is associated with significant risk reductions (e.g., ~66% reduced risk of death from any cause; cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes)

Actions taken by individuals that affect health or mortality; can promote or detract from health; apply to individuals, groups, or populations
Examples: Eating pattern, Sleep, Physical activity, Smoking, Substance use, Risky sexual activities, Health care seeking, Adherence to prescribed treatments

NCI: A factor that increases the chance of developing a disease
SAMHSA: Characteristics at biological, psychological, family, community, or cultural level linked to higher likelihood of negative outcomes
CDC glossary: useful epidemiology terms for course concepts

Education; Access and Quality; Economic Stability; Social and Community Context; Health Care Access and Quality; Neighborhood and Built Environment
Healthy People 2030 context and goals

Race/ethnicity are markers for underlying health determinants (socioeconomic status, access, occupation exposure)
Age adjustment is critical when comparing groups to avoid biased conclusions

Levels: Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Institutional, Community, Public Policy
Emphasizes multi-level influences on health and the need for interventions across levels

Which is NOT one of the dimensions of health? (Answer: Financial – not listed as a dimension in class)
True/False: Makeup exams require a university-approved absence; (Answer: False in this context if not approved)

Life expectancy trends and leading causes of death illustrate health disparities and system factors
Key drivers include chronic diseases, injuries, and systemic factors affecting access and quality of care

Three axioms (Intention, Attention, Attitude) are interwoven in a single cyclic process
Mindfulness practice involves sustaining present-moment awareness across thoughts, sensations, and emotions

Improved attention control, emotion regulation, self-awareness, and coping with stress
Potential reductions in depression, anxiety, chronic pain, and blood pressure

"+ I will practice meditation for 5 minutes daily in the morning, after waking up, either lying in bed or at my desk, for 4 weeks, and track progress using the Insight Timer app."

Health Belief Model: beliefs about susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, health motivation, demographic variables
Social Cognitive Model: cognitive factors (knowledge, expectations, attitudes) and environmental factors (social norms, access); behavior influenced by self-efficacy and skills
Transtheoretical Model: six stages (Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance, Termination); movement can be non-linear and multi-stage at once

Defining Health: medical vs public health models; six vs three dimensions
Determinants and Social Determinants: multi-level influences on health; overlap among determinants
Social-Ecological Model: health influenced by multiple levels
Risk Factors: top modifiable behaviors driving chronic disease and death; top U.S. causes of death are major health concerns
Behavioral Change: SMART goals and three behavioral-change models
Mindfulness: core concepts and health benefits