Chemistry Test

Mind Map on Chemical Bonds

Ionic Bond

  • Formed between positively charged metals (cations) and negatively charged non-metals (anions)

  • Involves attraction of positive and negative ions

    • Results in high melting and boiling points

    • Brittleness

    • Solubility in polar substances (eg. water)

    • Does not conduct electricity as solid

    • Conducts electricity as liquid

    • eg. KI , NaCl , CuSO4 , CaO

Simple Molecular Bond

  • Sharing electrons between non-metal atoms

  • Weak bonds

  • Low melting and boiling points

  • Insolubility in water

  • Does not conduct electricity

  • e.g. H2O , NH3 , C6H12O6 , CO2

Macro-molecular Bond

  • Large molecules with covalent bonds within chains

  • Often tangled up

Metallic Bond

  • Share electrons with metal atoms

  • Metals with delocalized electrons

  • Always has conductivity

  • Malleability

  • Ductility

  • High melting and boiling points

  • Strength

  • Insolubility but does react with water sometimes

  • Can be used to form alloys

  • eg. Na , Fe , Mg , Cu

Giant Covalent Bond

  • Shares electrons with non-metal atoms

  • Giant networks of atoms linked by covalent bonds

  • Very high melting and boiling points

  • Strength

  • Insolubility

  • Does not conduct electricity as solid (except for graphite)

  • e.g. diamond , graphite , silicon , silicon dioxide

Monatomic Bond

  • Dont share electrons

  • Very low melting and boiling points

  • Does not conduct electricity

  • Insolubility

  • eg. Ar , Ne , He , Xe

Covalent Bond

Chemical bond where atoms share electrons to hold themselves together.

Ionic Bond

An ionic bond is a chemical bond formed between atoms when one atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom, resulting in the attraction between positively and negatively charged ions.

Diamond

  • Giant Covalent structure

  • High melting and boiling points

  • Strength due to rigid atom arrangement

  • Non-conductivity

Graphite

  • Giant covalent structure

  • Conducts electricity

  • High melting and boiling points

  • Brittleness due to weak forces between layers, allowing sliding

Copper (II) carbonate

  • CuCO₃

Magnesium nitrate

  • (Mg(NO₃)₂)

Hydroxide

  • (OH⁻)

Ammonium

  • (NH₄⁺)