Primary and Secondary Markets

Primary and Secondary Markets

Primary Market

  • Definition: A financial market where new issues of stocks are sold to initial buyers.

  • Example: Initial Public Offering (IPO).

  • Function: Facilitates new financing to corporations.

Secondary Market

  • Definition: A market where previously issued securities are resold.

  • Importance:

    • Most trading of securities occurs in the secondary market.

    • It serves two main functions:

      1. Liquidity:

        • Makes financial securities more liquid, meaning they are easier to buy or sell.

        • Increased liquidity makes securities more attractive to investors, facilitating sales in the primary market.

      2. Price Setting:

        • Determines the price of the securities that firms sell in the primary market.

        • Prices of securities offered in the primary market are influenced by prices in the secondary market.

Concept Check Activity

Primary Market vs. Secondary Market

Feature

Primary Market

Secondary Market

Type of securities

For n_______ issued financial securities

For r_______ of issued financial securities

Capital raised

Facilitate new financing

No new capital

Liquidity

Less liquid

More liquid

Trading

Facilitate most of the securities trading

Investors sell the securities among themselves

Examples

e.g., IPO, Right issue

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Important Functions of Secondary Markets

  • Increase Liquidity:

    • Makes financial securities more marketable.

    • Investors prefer a more liquid (secondary) market, which helps firms in selling securities in the primary market.

  • Price Setting:

    • Securities’ prices traded in the secondary market influence prices of new issues in the primary market.