Untitled Flashcards Set

Understandings:

1. Various methods are used to treat cancer.

2. Various biomedical science disciplines and professionals help patients cope with cancer or the side effects of cancer treatment.

3. Experiments are designed to find answers to testable questions.

Knowledge and Skills:

1. Recognize that chemotherapy and radiation therapy are cancer treatments that work to destroy cancer cells by stopping or slowing their growth; both treatments can cause negative side effects to the patient.

2. Describe how different cancer treatments interact with and destroy cancer cells.

3. Recognize that biofeedback therapy is a technique in which patients are trained to improve their health or manage pain by learning to control certain internal bodily processes that normally occur involuntarily, such as heart rate, respiration rate, and skin temperature.

4. Recognize that artificial limbs are built to allow patients who have suffered from the loss of a limb to regain lost function.

5. Describe how myoelectric prosthetic limbs work.

6. Recognize that physical and occupational therapists work to help patients with disabilities or patients recovering from surgery or injury to restore function, improve mobility, relieve pain, and improve the ability to perform the tasks necessary to lead an independent and productive life.

7. Design a controlled experiment to test the effect of relaxation techniques on their heart rate, respiration rate, and skin temperature.

8. Analyze experimental data.

9. Design and create a simple functioning model of an arm.

10. Design and present a comprehensive rehabilitation plan, given a specific case.

Vocabulary:

Metastasize

Surgery

Chemotherapy

Radiation Therapy

Immunotherapy

Targeted Therapy

Hormone Therapy

Stem cell transplant

Precision medicine

Biofeedback Therapy

Prosthetic

Myoelectric

Physical Therapy

Occupational Therapy

3.3.1 How Are Cancer Patients Treated

1. Explain what factors determine the treatment plan an oncologist chooses for a particular patient.

2. Describe each of the following cancer treatments:

a. Biomarker analysis

b. Chemotherapy

c. Hormone therapy

d. Hyperthermia

e. Immunotherapy

f. Photodynamic therapy

g. Radiation therapy

h. Stem cell therapy

i. Surgery

j. Targeted therapy

3. Explain why radiation therapy is often targeted toward the tumor or to a specific body region and not applied to the entire body.

4. Why does chemotherapy often cause hair loss and nausea? Think about the types of cells chemotherapy drugs at on.

5. Why are some cancer patients good surgical candidates for tumor removal, while others are not.

6. Why are cancers that have metastasized especially difficult to treat?

3.3.2 Biofeedback Therapy

7. Do you expect your heart rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure to go up or down in times of stress. Explain your reasoning for each.

8. Why do you think seeing your body’s reaction on a screen may help some people control their stress levels (this is biofeedback)?

9. What is heart rate variability? How is it used to measure stress levels?

10. Explain why having continuous heart rate data would provide even more useful data to your biofeedback experiments.

11. Some scientists do not subscribe to mind-body therapy as a legitimate medical intervention. Why do you think this is? What evidence could you provide to validate the power of biofeedback?

3.3.3 Design of a Prosthetic Arm

12. What did you find to be the most challenging part of designing and building your model arm and hand?

13. How would the design of your model arm and hand be different if it had to pick up an empty Styrofoam cup and flip it over instead of pick it up?

14. Why do we need so many muscles in our hands, wrists, and arms?

15. Explain how your model arm represents actual muscles in the human arm.

16. What are some factors that make design of a prosthetic limb for human use a difficult task?

17. Explain how myoelectric arms are controlled by the patient.

18. Amputees often experience phantom limb pain. How is it possible for amputees to feel pain in a limb that is no longer there?

3.3.4 Physical and Occupational Therapy

19. How do physical and occupational therapists help patients with disabilities or patients recovering from surgery or injury? Discuss quality of life issues. Describe the differences in duties between a PT and an OT.

20. What happens during a typical PT/OT session?