1.13 water and carbon cycle climate change

  1. How much of the human body is C and H20?

18% and 73%

  1. How about a tree?

50% and 50%

  1. How are they used?

In building proteins for growth and photosynthesis

  1. How are they transferred?

  2. Through respiration and movement in the xylem and phloem

  3. Describe acid rain in less than 20 words?

  4. Acid rain is rain that has a higher level of sulphates in it and breaks down carbonate rocks due to its acidic nature which causes weathering

  5. Explain the effect of increased carbon in the atmosphere?

  6. Increased carbon in the atmosphere can lead to increased greenhouse effect which will cause global warming and warmer global temperatures. This can lead to thermal expansion in the ocean and cause the ice caps to melt which will lead to heightened sea levels. The greater temperatures will also lead to more wildfires which will cause a positive feedback loop as more carbon is entering the atmosphere through combustion and less is being removed through photosynthesis. This also causes heating of the oceans which leads to more extreme weather events like more frequent and powerful tropical storms.

  7. What are the wider effects of increased acid rain?

  1. Increased acid rain can cause issues like acidification of rivers and lakes, which can lead to further problems such as destruction of habitats, death of animals, and the changing of landscapes due to weathering and solution of the rock

  1. Can you identify the feedback of acid rain?

  1. There is a negative feedback loop, as the rain breaks down the rock in the ground, and also in the bottom of lakes and rivers, many of which, especially if they are limestone or marble, will give off calcium carbonate which will then neutralise the acid in the water

  1. How can water in all its forms create feedback? Multiple answers

  2. Water vapour can create a positive feedback loop as it can increase greenhouse effect, which increases global warming, which creates more water vapour. Oceans are subject to thermal expansion, which means that they are able to hold more carbon, reducing the amount of atmospheric carbon, which will then decrease the amount of greenhouse effect and therefore decrease the global temperature and creating a negative feedback loop

  3.  How do clouds affect global temperature?

They cool the Earth by reflecting sunlight but also warm it by trapping outgoing heat

  1. Peruvian Andes Effects?

The Peruvian Andes have a significant impact on global temperature as they act as a large carbon sink, and their high-altitude glaciers are extremely sensitive to rising temperatures, with rapid melting causing a lot of effects, including increased water supply risk, an increase in glacial lake outburst floods, and altered precipitation patterns that can lead to both extreme precipitation and drought.

  1. Permafrost

    1. What is the evidence it is melting?

    2. Ground temperatures rising, due to less ice, landscapes collapsing as the solid ice becomes liquid water and the layer of ice that thaws each year, called the active layer is becoming thicker each year

    3. Can it be reversed?

    1. There is a certain point that if crossed we cannot return from, however the damage that has already been done will take thousands of years to fix