European Explorers

What are the goals for the Conquistadors and where did they come from?

• the name of Spanish explorers.  By their name, you can infer the ultimate motive for exploration.

The Aztec Civilization could be found in what modern country?

• Mexico

What are the Chinampas and how were they built?

• (floating farm)

• Had a piece of wood or woven straw as a base then planted plants in between water 

•  

Missions→ religious communities -always founded near wood, water, and pasture land

Pueblos→center of trade (small town)

Presidio→a fort built near the mission

Peninsulares→people born in spain- big land owners, government leaders, heads of the church

What did the new laws that were passed in 1542 try to do?

• Forbade enslaving Native Americans.  Laws not always followed.

De las casas→

Pizzaro→Executed the leader of the Inca, the Inca splintered into factions and were easy to conquer.

Ponce de leon→Florida- looked for the fountain of youth.

De soto→violent clashes with natives while looking for cities of gold.  De Soto dies and is buried in the Mississippi.

Coronado→ looked for cities of gold- finally gave up. Shaggy cows. Great plains. 

Cortez→

Cabenza de vaca→

Giovanni de Verrazano→France- 1524- Nova Scotia down to the Carolinas.  

John cabot→English- 1497 – landed in Canada (Newfoundland)

Henry hudson→hired by the Dutch- An Englishman- 1609- sailed up the Hudson River. Then Hudson Bay.  He spent months in Hudson’s Bay as he thought he was in the Pacific. Crew rebelled when the weather got bad.  Hudson didn’t make it.

Louis joliet & Jacques Marquette →French- 1670s traveled down the Mississippi river. Looking for NW passage  got most of the way to the gulf of mexico then turned around

Robert cavelier de la salle→1682- Claimed the area for France- became Louisiana (Louis XIV).  Still a huge French presence in Louisiana.  

Jacques cartier→French- 1535- sailed up the St. Lawrence.  Found an area that would become Montreal.

What countries were protestant?

• Dutch and english countries

What countries were catholic?

• Spain and french countries

How did the conflict between Catholics and protestants drive conflict into the new world?

• King Henry VIII left the Catholic Church.  Queen Elizabeth I was also a protestant.  Catholicism was outlawed in England.  

• Spain- very Catholic- tried to invade England and stop Protestantism.  The Spanish armada (132 ships, 30,000 troops) failed to take England.  Bad weather and bad understanding of the currents of the English Channel.

What is the purpose of the Spanish Armada?- How did the defeat of the Armada impact Spanish colonies?

• Defeat of the armada in 1588 ended Spanish dominance in the old world.  They turned their sites to continued expansion in the new world. 

What is the Northwest Passage and why would it lead to world dominance if found by a colonial power?

• The biggest prize for any colonial power was to find the Northwest Passage, a direct water route through the Americas.

What are the reasons New France succeeded and had good relationships with Native Americans? 

• Tried to spread faith among the native americans. Not very successful. 

• Traded natural resources with native americans and built forts to protect their areas 

• French aren't forcing native americans to catholicism 

What are the different colony names and roughly where they are located; new France, new Netherlands, new Spain

• Dutch homeland → Netherlands; small country, few natural resources, expanded in 1609

• Netherlands known for shipping prowess- shipped sugar, cotton, tobacco

Why star forts are shaped like a star and why forts at the same time and needed to be thick, squat walls

• To allow more points to attack a single spot.

• If the walls were straight then attacking an invader would be harder because of the hard angle

• Needs to be thick to stop cannonballs from knocking down walls.

What are the Dutch tradeouts and the Dutch trading company eventually in charge of all Dutch colonies in the New World?

What does “New World” mean?

• opportunity for wealth

• opportunity to spread faith