Traits and Genetics

$Traits$

• A characteristics that can be passed from parents to offspring

$Gregor Mendel$

• Genetics   * Study of Heredity

$Hybrid$

• The organism that receives different genetic information from each parent

$Purebred$

• Only produces offspring with parental trait

$Dominant trait$

• A trait that shows in a hybrid

$Recessive Trait$

• A trait that does not show in a hybrid

$Gene$

• Controls a trait

$2 or more forms of a gene$

• alleles

$Gregor Mendel’s Laws$

• %%Law of Segregation%%   * The Alleles separate during meiosis
• %%Law of Dominance%%   * When an allele that is dominant is present the trait will be seen
• %%Law of independent assortment%%   * During gamete foundations, different pairs of alleles segregate independently of each other   * The gene pairs separate randomly and independently of each other

$Intermediate Inheritance$

• no dominant or recessive alleles

$Incomplete dominance$

• Heterozygote has an intermediate phenotype   * either allele expresses itself fully

$Codominance$

• Heterozygotes both show themselves fully   * Type AB blood (example)

$Polygenic Traits$

• Traits controlled by 2 or more gene pairs   * Skin color eye color     * Tone amount distribution

$Multiple Alleles$

• 3 or more alleles for a trail   * Blood Types

$Antigens$

• It causes your immune system to produce antibodies to fight against it

$Antibodies$

• Blood protein responsible for coutering acting a specific antigen

$Test cross$

• cross between a recessive and a heterozygote to see if it is heterozygous or dominant

Why is type O the universal donor

• It has no antigens to fight off antibodies

$Blood type chart:$

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