Traits and Genetics

Traits

• A characteristics that can be passed from parents to offspring

Gregor Mendel

• Genetics
  • Study of Heredity

Hybrid

• The organism that receives different genetic information from each parent

Purebred

• Only produces offspring with parental trait

Dominant trait

• A trait that shows in a hybrid

Recessive Trait

• A trait that does not show in a hybrid

Gene

• Controls a trait

2 or more forms of a gene

• alleles

Gregor Mendel’s Laws

• %%Law of Segregation%%
  • The Alleles separate during meiosis
• %%Law of Dominance%%
  • When an allele that is dominant is present the trait will be seen
• %%Law of independent assortment%%
  • During gamete foundations, different pairs of alleles segregate independently of each other
  • The gene pairs separate randomly and independently of each other

Intermediate Inheritance

• no dominant or recessive alleles

Incomplete dominance

• Heterozygote has an intermediate phenotype
  • either allele expresses itself fully

Codominance

• Heterozygotes both show themselves fully
  • Type AB blood (example)

Polygenic Traits

• Traits controlled by 2 or more gene pairs
  • Skin color eye color
  • Tone amount distribution

Multiple Alleles

• 3 or more alleles for a trail
  • Blood Types

Antigens

• It causes your immune system to produce antibodies to fight against it

Antibodies

• Blood protein responsible for coutering acting a specific antigen

Test cross

• cross between a recessive and a heterozygote to see if it is heterozygous or dominant

Why is type O the universal donor

• It has no antigens to fight off antibodies

Blood type chart: