Untitled Flashcards Set

GRAPHICS FILE FORMATS  

• some common application file formats: .doc, .xlsx, .pdf, .psd, .ai, .indd, etc.  

• some common graphics file formats: jpg, png, gif, tiff, raw  

• lossy vs. lossless (loss of data, or not - impacted by types of compression and color depth (bytes for each color)  

• Lossy formats (like jpg) reduce file size by permanently eliminating some data, which can affect image quality, while lossless formats (like png) retain all original data, ensuring the highest quality at the cost of larger file sizes.

• what are the primary reasons why we would choose to save an image in each of these graphics file formats (their superpowers!)  

COLOR PROFILES  

• RGB 0-255 (commonly stored as one byte of information for each color) - Electronic device displays typically use RGB Color Mode • CMYK 0-100% - Commercial printing equipment uses CMYK inks, so they typically want artwork in CMYK Color Mode 

• PANTONE (PMS) Pantone formula guides and solid chips contain 1,867 solid (spot) colors for printing ink on paper. Each color is  typically 3 or 4 digit numbers followed by C or U (coated or uncoated paper) - represent standard colors as well as specialty colors  such as neon, pastel, metalics, etc. - Companies and Graphic Designers often use Pantone Colors  

note: HEX Representation of 8-bit (1 byte) RGB Colors - 6 digit number, 2 for R, 2 for G, 2 for B (example: #1DF704)  

IMAGE DIMENSIONS AND RESOLUTION  

Dimensions - Raster (or sometimes called bitmapped) images are typically stored as rows (and columns) of individual dots of color  information. They are inherently rectangular. Their dimensions are represented by a width and height, each coordinate containing one dot  of color information. THEY TYPICALLY ARE INDEPENDENT (AND UNAWARE) OF HOW THEIR INFORMATION WILL BE OUTPUT!  

Screen Resolution - 72 ppi / 100 ppi (DVC)  

Print Resolution - 300 dpi  

Know how to calculate the full size output of an image given its dimensions for both screen and print outputs. 

note: Raster, or bitmapped images differ from vector images in that vector images consist of equations of lines and curves along with  some other key information such as coordinates of starting and end points, stroke width, stroke and fill colors, etc. Vector images are  typically smaller in file size and they retain perfect quality when they are scaled up or down. 

Image size in inches is based on its dimensions/resolution - Given the dimensions of an image, be able to calculate full size of the  image based the output method (either screen [100 ppi] or print [300 dpi]) 

IMAGE COMPOSITION 

Balance - Doesn’t have to mean symmetry, but instead having the quadrants of an image complement each other in aesthetically  pleasing ways. Balance can be achieved in different ways including through use of color, saturation, hues, and light. 

Rule of Thirds - A way of dividing an image into a three by three grid whose intersections help create balance and flow within an image. Symmetry - Can be used to create balance and a natural sense of comfort that draws a viewer into an image. 

Negative Space - Empty space - Can be space behind or through objects or purposefully placed empty space used to create a natural  frame or separation. It can also be used to encourage a viewer’s eye to move towards the subject or to open space in front of a side  facing or dynamic subject. 

Leading Lines - Visual elements that pull the viewer’s eye toward a subject or focal point. It could be a pathway receding Into the  distance, or a line or an arrow or light or color or other visual elements that guide the eye of the viewer.  

Focus and Depth of Field - Where the focus is, and what is out of focus draws the viewer’s eye to the subject and creates depth in the  form of an illusion of a third dimension within the image. 

Framing - Composing an image so elements or objects or light create a natural frame around the subject.