4.08 notes- challenges to sovereignty

supranationalism- multiple states coming together to form alliances in an effort to meet common cultural, economic, or military goals

alliance- formal association of states

• military alliance- states cooperate to provide mutual defense in order to achieve shared goals, with shared political/geographic interests more likely

• economic alliance- to promote shared economic goals like free trade or economic policy making, states usually have existing trade relationships

• political alliance- common ground on regional/global issues, resolve international disputes, pursue international justice, and set policy

• regional alliance- geographically related states work together to further the interests of their region as a whole, individual betterment

multilateralism- many countries working together toward common goal/resolve

United Nations- international political alliance of ~200 independent states that work together to promote peace and security

European Union- supranational economic alliance with 25+ European member states, international market, common currency

OPEC- group of developing countries with common policy of producing/selling petroleum

superpowers- state capable of exercising influence of global events (strong military)

NATO vs Warsaw Pact- both attempted to control geographic territory and attain greater levels of economic, military, and political power (Warsaw Pact no longer exists)