1.1.2 Computing Basics

Introduction to Computer Components

  • Computers consist of constituent parts that function together for operation.

  • Categories:

    • Hardware: Physical components inside or connected to a computer system.

    • Software: Instructions or data stored electronically, guiding the hardware.

  • Analogy: Hardware is like a car (potential), and software is the driver (instructions).

Types of Hardware Devices

Input Devices

  • Input devices transfer information from outside the computer to the internal hardware.

    • Common Input Devices:

      • Keyboard:

        • Sends user input as electrical signals.

        • Uses a scanning chip to identify pressed keys and sends codes to the computer.

      • Mouse:

        • Tracks movements as X, Y coordinates.

        • Types of Mice:

          • Optical Mouse: Employs light source and sensor for movement tracking.

          • Mechanical Mouse: Uses a rolling trackball.

      • Touchscreen:

        • Detects user input from screen taps;

        • Technologies:

          • Resistive: Two flexible layers detecting touch through pressure. Used for airport or library kiosks.

          • Capacitive: Requires conductive touch, reacts to fingers. Used for cell phones and tablets.

Processing Devices

  • Analyze and interpret input information.

    • Central Processing Unit (CPU):

      • Acts as the brain of the computer, processes data based on software instructions.

    • Random Access Memory (RAM):

      • Temporary storage for processed information; volatile memory (data lost when powered off).

      • Enables quick access to data still needed during operation.

Storage Devices

  • Store data either temporarily or permanently.

    • Short-Term Storage:

      • RAM: Volatile memory; fast access but loses data when powered off.

    • Long-Term Storage:

      • Hard Disk Drive (HDD): Rotating disks called platters for data storage.

      • Solid State Drive (SSD): Uses memory chips with persistent data.

      • Optical Storage Media: CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray discs which can be read-only or writable.

        • Read-Only: Fixed information (e.g., Compact Disc-Read Only Memory or CD-ROM).

        • Writable: Modifiable discs (e.g., CD-R, DVD-RW).

      • Flash Drives: Portable devices with memory chips; persistent storage.

      • SD Cards: Secure Digital Cards are used in smartphones, tablets, cameras; non-volatile memory.

Output Devices

  • Receive data from a computer and output it in a physical medium.

    • Common Output Devices:

      • Monitor: Visually displays data processed by the CPU.

      • Printer: Outputs processed information visually onto paper.

      • Sound Card: Outputs audible signals from digital information.

Networking Devices

  • Facilitate communication between multiple computers.

    • Create networks, allowing PCs to transmit information between each other.

    • Use connecting mediums (wires or radio signals) for connections.

    • These devices are both input and output devices

Modular Design in Hardware

  • Design approach standardizing hardware interfaces for compatibility.

  • Benefits of Modular Design:

    • Allows interchangeable components from different manufacturers.

    • Simplifies repairs and upgrades without being limited to specific brands.

Conclusion

  • Knowledge of hardware and software is crucial in PC technician roles.

  • Recap:

    • Hardware = Potential for action.

    • Software = Instructions to utilize potential.

  • Overview of key hardware components based on five main functions: input, processing, storage, output, and networking.