Solutions, Colloids, and Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
Solutions and Colloids: A Comprehensive Study Guide
1. Introduction to Mixtures
Mixture Types
Solution: A homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. This means the components are uniformly distributed at a molecular level.
Colloid: A heterogeneous mixture where solute-like particles are dispersed but do not settle out over time. These particles are larger than molecules but small enough not to settle.
Suspension: A heterogeneous mixture characterized by solid particles that are sufficiently large to undergo sedimentation, meaning they will eventually settle out.
2. Dissolution and Interactive Forces
Dissolution Process
Dissolution: The process by which a substance (solute) dissolves in another substance (solvent).
The fundamental aspect of dissolution is a competition between interactive forces:
Solute/Solute interactions: Forces holding solute particles together.
Solvent/Solvent interactions: Forces holding solvent molecules together.
Solute/Solvent interactions: Forces between solute particles and solvent molecules.
For dissolution to occur, the solute/solvent interactions must be strong enough to overcome the solute/solute and solvent/solvent internal forces.