Anatomy Quick Review: Microscopic vs Gross Subdivisions

Microscopic Anatomy

  • Examines structures that cannot be seen by the unaided eye; uses prepared cells or thin tissue slices examined under a microscope.

  • Main subdivisions:

    • Cytology (cell study): study of body cells and their internal structure

    • Histology (tissue study): study of body tissues

Gross (Macroscopic) Anatomy

  • Investigates structure and relationships of parts visible to the unaided eye; specimens or parts may be dissected for examination.

  • Approaches:

    • Systemic anatomy

    • Studies the anatomy of each functional body system

    • Example: urinary system includes kidneys (urine formation) and organs of urine transport (ureters and urethra) and storage (urinary bladder)

    • Regional anatomy

    • Examines all structures in a particular region as a complete unit

    • Example: axillary region; includes blood vessels (axillary artery and vein), nerves (branches of the brachial plexus), lymph nodes (axillary lymph nodes), musculature, connective tissue, and skin

    • Surface anatomy

    • Focuses on superficial markings and the internal body structures that relate to the skin

    • Use: identify landmarks such as pulse locations or the proper body region for CPR

    • Comparative anatomy

    • Examines the similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species

    • Examples: humans, chimps, dogs, and cats