MNGT 3100 Exam 3

Making a decision WITHOUT conscious reasoning is called_______

Intuitive decision making

Group Decision Support System (GDSS) are interactive computer-based systems that combine communication and decision technologies. GDSS can improve the output of a group by__________

Making sure every idea is heard

Which of the following statements is true about information overload?

Information overload occurs when the receiver's information processing demands exceed their capacity (in time, quantity, or complexity)

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of verbal communication?

Effectively conveys complicated information

A team that manages itself and appoints its own leader is called a ________

self-managed team

Which of the following statements reflects a barrier to team effectiveness?

Accomodating poor performance and ignoring conflict between members

According to equity theory______ is the term for individuals who give without wanting to receive much in return

Benevolent

Goal-Setting theory is one of the most influential theories of motivation, often improving performance by 10% to 25%. For a goal to be effective, it should be _________

Relevant

Mundane decisions that usually do not take much time and are fairly straightforward are _____ decisions; decisions that are unique and important which require conscious thinking, information gathering, and careful consideration of alternatives is called _______ decisions

Programmed; Nonprogrammed

True or False:
It is very important for managers to make good decisions because they are responsible for allocating their organization's scarce resources.

True

The RATIONAL decision making model should be used when _____

Information on alternatives can be gathered and quantified

Stopping at the very first option that meets your minimally-acceptable criteria, even though other options yet to be considered may be better, is known as_____

Satisficing

_________ occurs when individuals overestimate their ability to predict future events

Overconfidence bias

A group pressure phenomenon that increases the risk of the group making flawed decisions by allowing reductions in mental efficency, reality testing, and moral judgement is called _______

Groupthink

_______ is a way to imagine what might go wrong and avoid it before implementing the decision or having to make adjustments during the implementation.

A Premortem

_______ is the study of meaning in communication that notes words, phases, or images can mean different things to different individuals

Semantics

Under the PROCESS MODEL OF COMMUNICATION, the SENDER'S action to translate the idea to be communicated into words/symbols is called______

Encoding

Under the PROCESS MODEL OF COMMUNICATION, the RECEIVER ___________ a message by assigning meaning to the words/signs

Decodes

______ happens when communications is hampered because either the sender or the receiver is upset, whether about the subject at hand or about some unrelated incident

Emotional Disconnect

Criticizing, blaming, ordering, judging, and shaming can put an end to effective communication by making the receiver feel judged or defensive. This is known as _____

Communication freezers

Verbal-

Listen to a person to understand their meaning

Written-

Read to understand meaning

Nonverbal-

Observe behavior and infer meaning

Put the five-stages of group evolution in order:

1. Forming
2. Storming
3. Norming
4. Performing
5. Adjourning

What is the stage, in group evolution, where the group dissolves once the goal has been achieved, or alternatively, through situations such as organizational restructuring

Adjourning

What is created when team members articulate and agree upon the goals, roles, leader, decision-making process, and meeting times for the team.

Team Contract

Which of the following statements is NOT true about social loafing (the Ringelmann effect)?

Social loafing enhances a group's ability to perform well.

_______ can be thought of as a kind of "social glue" that refers to the degree of camaraderie and trust within the group.

Cohesion

A team where the manager serves as the team leader is a _______

Traditional Team

True or False:
Meetings are INEFFECTIVE uses of time, hindering groups/teams from coordinating and sharing information

False

According to Maslow, as humans satisfy their most basic needs and start looking to satisfy higher-order needs, the satisfied lower-level need ______ serves as a motivator

No longer

Put Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs in order, starting with the most fundamental or basic to higher order needs

1. Physiological
2. Safety
3. Social
4. Esteem
5. Self-Actualization

ALDERFER'S ERG THEORY was derived from Maslow's hierarchy of needs. A key DIFFERENCE is that in ERG theory,________

individuals who are frustrated in their attempts to satisfy one need may regress to another one

In the Acquired Needs Theory, the three needs individuals acquire as a result of their life experiences are:

Power
Affiliation
Achievement

When determining levels of equity, individuals will often compare their input/output ratio with that of a comparison person that is also known as a what?

Referent

JOB DESIGN is one of the many decisions that managers must make when engaged in the POLC function of______

Organizing

By seeking regular feedback from your boss, you signal that you care about your performance and want to be successful. When receiving feedback, you aim should be to ____ yourself.

Improve

A tool that supports PROGRAMMED decisions, _______ guides the decision maker to the correct choice and ensure consistency of decision making

a decision tree

______ are unique and important and require conscious thinking, information gathering and careful consideration of alternatives.

Nonprogrammed decisons

The availiabilty of too much info and too many choices can lead to ________ , where more and more time is spent on gathering info and thinking about it, but no decisions actually get made.

Analysis paralysis

In the BOUND RATIONALITY model of decision making, individuals________

Intentioanlly limit their options to a manageable set and choose the best alternative without conducting an exhaustive search for alternatives

The first and most important step in INNOVATION is_______

Creativity

True or False:
ESCALATION OF COMMITMENT bias describes when info that is more readily availiable is seen as more likely to occur.

False

_________ is a group process of generating ideas that follows a set of guidelines, which includes no criticism of ideas and building on others' ideas

Brainstorming

The sounds of a loud air conditioning system can cause the received message to differ from what was sent. Under the process model of communication, this is known as _______

Noise

______ occurs in communication when we intentionally distort or withhold information to manage a receiver's reactions.

Filtering

Involuntarily distorting or withholding info to suit OUR OWN NEEDS is known as

Selective Perception

Information-rich channels convey more nonverbal information. Which of the following communications channels has the HIGHEST information-richness

Video teleconference/ Video Chat

The receiver can engage in _____ to ENHANCE the probability of effective communication

Active Listening

What is Jargon?

is the language of specialized terms used by a group or profession, and it can make communication faster and more precise

When the message is emotional or personal, what form of communication is usually BEST?

Verbal

A _______ is a cohesive collection of people who are committed to work together to achieve mutual goals. They may produce more than the sum of their contributions.

Team

In the GROUP DEVELOPMENT MODEL, the _______ stage is when members are interdependent and respectful, and the group experiences synergy. Group leaders can move into coaching roles at this point.

Performing

In the GROUP DEVELOPMENT MODEL, the_____ stage is when members are become much more committed to each other and the group's goal and cooperation increases. It is also an ideal time to host a social or team-building event.

Norming

In the GROUP DEVELOPMENT MODEL, the ____ stage is when members are becoming more authentic as they express their deeper thoughts and feelings, often leading to conflict.

Storming

Which of the following statements is NOT about diversity?

The more diverse a team is in terms of expertise, gender, age, and background, the more likely that the team will experience groupthink.

Virtual teams consist of people in different locations, and are often formed to take advantage of distributed expertise or time. Which of the following statements is TRUE about managing virtual teams?

Managers often think they must see team members working in order to believe that work is being done, so team members in other locations may not receive full credit for their contributions.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about motivation?

Motivation is the intention of achieving a goal, leading to goal-directed behavior.

The opportunity for advancement/promotion is an example of a motivator, according to HERZBERG'S TWO-FACTOR THEORY. Therefore, we would expect FEWER advancement opportunites to result in _______

less job satisfaction

Which of the PROCESS-BASED theories of motivation asserts that individuals are motivated by a sense of fairness, measured by comparing one's input-to-output ratio to a referent's ratio?

Equity Theory

Which of the PROCESS-BASED theories of motivation involves an individual's belief that high levels of effort will lead to desired outcomes?

Expectancy Theory

Which of the PROCESS-BASED theories of motivation explains that behavior is a function of its consequences, so it is important that rewards are aligned with an organization's priorities.

Reinforcement Theory

John, an employee at ACME manufacturing has negotiatied with his managers that he will increase his productivity by 10% over the next 6 months. This is an example of which of the following motivational theories?

Goal-Setting Theory

True or False:
When GIVING performance feedback to an employee, it can be helpful to ask them to perform a self-appraisal beforehand.

True

Controls can help managers determine if their strategy is achieving the desired results. What is a major reason why managers would NOT implement all of the controls that are available?

The costs of some controls outweigh their benefits.

If Melissa wanted to follow the accomplishment of her financial goals, she could easily compare her actual spending to her ______

Budget

True or False:
Winning "the war for talent" means attracting the best available workers who will be enthusiastic about their work

True

Chris met Ross for an interview about a job that Ross's business has now listed as open. At the meeting, Ross gave Chris a document that describes exactly what the employee would be expected to do, how they should do it and why it's done that way. This document is typically called a.....

Job Description

Put the four steps of organizational control in order:

1. Establish Standards
2. Measure Performance
3. Compare performance to standards
4. Take corrective action as needed

Two key types of organizational controls, _______ controls allow managers to step back and look at the big picture and make sure all the pieces of the picture are correctly aligned while ______ controls function within the framework established by the strategy that provide the goals, objectives, and standards for major subsystems within the organization.

Strategic; Operational

What type of controls involve the process of monitoring and adjusting ongoing activities and processes in real-time that can be used to prevent problems from becoming worse?

Concurrent

The ___________ summarizes all financial activity that occurred over a designated period of time

Income Statement

What type of controls involve gathering information about a completed activity, evaluating that information, and taking steps to improve similar activities in the future?

Feedback

The ________ is a snapshot of the businesses's financial position at a specific point in time. It identifies what the business owns and what it owes.

Balance Sheet

A key financial control,________ generally refers to a listing of all planned expenses and revenues such as a monthly or quarterly projection of what the balance sheet and income statement will look like based on planned expenses and revenues.

Budgeting

Stategic human resource management (SHRM) is an integral part of the ______ portion of the POLC framework

Controlling

What key element of HR is related to the careful evaluation and payment of employees based on their performance, not simply for workplace attendance?

Compensation and Rewards

A company's _____ consists of the attributes, life experience, knowledge, invertiveness, energy, and enthusiasm that its people chose to invest in their work.

Human Capital

________ is a process whereby an organization ensures that employees are recruited and developed to fill each KEY ROLE within the company.

Succession Planning

What talent management principles relates to training some people and hiring others from external marketplace to meet specific human capital needs for the company?

Make or Buy

Which of the following is an example of Situational Interviewing?

Asking what the job applicant did when they faced a challenging group project.

Compensation can include monetary and non-monetary items. Examples of MONETARY benefits include which of the following?

Commissions and Bonuses

______ are a way for banks, investors, and other key stakeholders to understand the firm's financial health

Audits

Ken's construction company found that a drill bit could make approximately 100,000 holes within tolerance before the bit was so worn that the hole it drilled was too small. So, it changes the drill after 95,000 holes have been drilled. This is an example of a _____ control

Feedforward

Which type of controls involve the management of a firm's cost/expenses in order to control them in relation to budgeted amounts?

Financial controls

The objective of Six Sigma is extremely high quality. Which of the following statements is the best reason why a company WOULD want to aim for such a high goal?

Doing something right the first time, every time reduces overall costs.

Lean is a system of non-financial controls used to improve product/service quality and decrease waste. Which of the following statements is TRUE about lean?

Under lean, value must be defined and specified from the customer's perspective.

Which of the following is NOT part of the strategic human resource management (SHRM)?

Reducing costs by replacing workers when their work experience would result in higher wage rates.

Which of the following is NOT a reason employers should test applicants as part of the selection process?

To screen out applicants who don't match the emplyers desired demographic (race, color, sex, origin, religion, disability, or age)

True or False:
During an interview, it is PERMITTED to ask an applicant about their martial status and if they have children if these factors may affect their ability to sometimes work late or on weekends if these are requirements for the job

False

Companies often conduct a _______ to determine the internal value of the job-- the more vital the job to the company's success, the higher the pay level

Job Evaluation

In order to best support an organization's mission and goals, compensation systems should________

Reward behaviors that support the goals and discourage those that work against the goals.

________ ties pay directly to an individual's contributions toward meeting specific business goals or objectives.

Pay for Performance