AP World History Modern Review Notes

Unit 1: The Global Tapestry ($1200$–$1450$)

• Song China operated a sophisticated confusion government using merit-based exams, Champa Rice, and the Grand Canal.
• The Abbased Caliphate fragmented, allowing Turkey led states like the Seljuks and Delhi Sultanates to rise, while the House of Wisdom advanced math and science.
• South and Southeast Asia saw the growth of Hindu Buddhist kingdoms and the Bakti movement.
• The Americas featured the Mexico Empire and Inca administrative state; Africa included Great Zimbabwe and Ethiopia.
• Europe remained fragmented under feudalism, relying on surfom and minoralism.

Unit 2: Networks of Exchange ($1200$–$1450$)

• The Silk Roads expanded with Caravans and bills of exchange, secured by the Pax Mongolica.
• Indian ocean trade utilized the compass and monsoon knowledge, enriching Swahili coast citystates.
• Transaharan trade through the Mali Empire was led by Mansamusa and documented by Iban Batuda.
• The Bubanic plague spread through trade roots, killing $\frac{1}{3}$ of Europe's population by the $1350s$.

Unit 3: Land-Based Empires ($1450$–$1750$)

• The Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals, and theQing expanded using gunpowder and bureaucracies like the Ottoman deser and Mughal Zamador's.
• Rulers used monumental architecture like Versailles to legitimize power.
• The Reformation split Christianity, the Sunni Shia divide deepened, and Sikism emerged in Pujab.

Unit 4: Trans oceanic interconnections ($1450$–$1750$)

• Europeans used the compass, Astrab, and Caravo to cross oceans, including Columbus in $1492$.
• The Columbian Exchange introduced small pox to the Americas while potatoes, maze, and tobacco spread worldwide.
• Labored was organized through shadow slavery, Encomienda, indentured servitude, and the Incan Maida.
• Global trade linked through Possi silver and joint companies like the Duchies India Company under mercandalism.
• Social hierarchies like the kasa system formed, sparking resistance like the Piblhood and medicals war.

Unit 5: Revolutions ($1750$–$1900$)

• Enlightenment thinkers Lock, Volta, and Rouso inspired the American, French, Haitian, and Boloulevard's revolutions.
• Nationalism drove German and Italian unification; reform movements targeted abolition and women's rights at the Senica Falls Convention of $1848$.
• Industrialization began in Britain with coal, iron, and the factory system, later spreading to Russia and the Major restoration in Japan.
• Economies shifted from mercantilism to free trade capitalism under Adam Smith ($1776$), while Marks's communist manifesto inspired socialism.

Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization ($1750$–$1900$)

• Imperialism was justified by social Darwinism; the Berlin's conference of $1884$ partitioned Africa among Europeans.
• Resistance included the Indian rebellion of $1857$, the Sakoto Caliphate, and the Kosa cattle killing.
• Economic imperialism involved the extraction of rubber, guano, and the OPM wars in China.
• Global migration led to ethnic enclaves and restrictive laws like the Chinese Exclusion Act.

Unit 7: Global Conflict ($1900$–Present)

• Empires like theQing ($1911$) and Russia ($1917$) collapsed; World War I became the first total war using trench warfare and poison gas.
• The Great Depression ($1929$) led to Stalin's five-year plans and the rise of fascism in Germany and Italy.
• World War II featured the atomic bomb and mass atrocities like the Holocaust and Armian genocide.

Unit 8: Cold War and Decolonization ($1900$–Present)

• The Cold War pitted NATO against the Warsaw pack; the non-aligned movement included Nun and Sucranos.
• Ma's communist revolution took China in $1949$, followed by the catastrophic great leap forward.
• Decolonization occurred in India ($1947$) and Algeria; partition in India killed $1$ to two million people.
• The Soviet Union collapsed in $1991$ following internal pressure and economic failure.

Unit 9: Globalization ($1900$–Present)

• The green revolution and medical breakthroughs sustained population growth, while birth control lowered fertility rates.
• Challenges include diseases like HIV, AIDS, and Ebola, alongside environmental issues like climate change.
• Economies leaned into free markets under Denging and the WTO; manufacturing shifted to Asia and Latin America.
• Culture became globalized through Bollywood and the World Cup, while rights movements were supported by the UN.