APUSH Antebellum Era Review Flashcards

Early American Political Parties

• Democratic-Republicans
  • Championed the interests of the "common man"
  • Welcomed immigrants
  • Benefitted from the expansion of voting rights for white males

Landmark Supreme Court Cases

• Marbury v. Madison
  • Established the principle of judicial review
• McCulloch v. Maryland
  • Supreme Court upheld federal power over states
• Worcester v. Georgia
  • Ruled that states cannot impose laws on Indian lands
• Dartmouth College v. Woodward
  • Established the sanctity of private contracts

Political Debates and Regional Differences

• Political debates during the early 19th century were primarily influenced by:
  • Tariff rates
  • Internal improvements
  • Expansion of white male suffrage
  • Foreign affairs (least affected)

John C. Calhoun and Slavery

• Calhoun's 1837 speech characterized slavery as a "positive good"

Antebellum Reform Movements Origins

• Major reforms included abolitionism, temperance, and women’s rights
• Originated from:
  • Second Great Awakening
  • Beliefs in human perfectibility
  • Liberal European social ideas (not from the Monroe Doctrine)

Immigration and Nativism

• The Irish and Germans were significant immigrant groups in the 1840s and 1850s, resulting in a nativist backlash.

American Art and Literature

• Early 1800s American art and literature blended European styles with regional American tastes.

Common Experiences of American Indians, Women, and Religious Groups

• All faced limited economic opportunities and discrimination.

Famous Abolitionists

• Frederick Douglass: Autobiography detailing his life as a slave

Technological Innovations of the Antebellum Era

• Led to:
  • Increased industrial output
  • Economic expansion in the North
  • Textile machinery, steam engines, and telegraphs revolutionized transportation and communication

The Lowell System

• Utilized mill girls from rural areas in textile factories
• Focused on a new labor system influencing factories across the US

Southern Cotton Economy

• Economic impact:
  • Increased political power in Congress
  • Growth of plantation agriculture (not isolation)

Economic Linkage Between North and Midwest

• Strengthened by:
  • Canals and railroads
  • Market production shift
• Weakened by the spread of plantation agriculture

Indian Removal and Internal Slave Trade

• Both were focused on economic exploitation and resources.

Erie Canal

• Vital connection linking the Great Lakes to the East Coast, boosting New York City's economy

Irish Immigration Patterns

• Most Irish immigrants settled in cities along the east coast during the 1840s and 1850s.

Cotton Cultivation Effects

• Cultivation increased political power of the South in Congress
• Contributed to economic isolation from other regions

Women's Role During the Industrial Revolution

• The Cult of Domesticity highlighted the idealized roles of women as homemakers.

Opposition to the American System

• Stemmed from regional interests overriding national concerns regarding transport improvements.

Manifest Destiny

• The Missouri Compromise, Texas annexation, and disputes over California and Oregon characterized it.

Monroe Doctrine

• Declared European interference in the Western Hemisphere unacceptable.

Slavery and Western Expansion Tensions

• The extension of slavery became a divisive issue before the Civil War.

Tariff of 1828 Discontent

• Seen as an "abomination" especially by Southern states fearing economic control by the North.

Nullification and Rights

• Hartford Convention and other events encapsulated tensions between states' rights and federal authority.

Indian Removal Act

• Led to the Trail of Tears and was seen as government-sanctioned oppression.

Missouri Compromise

• Temporarily settled the issue of slavery expansion but created further tensions leading up to the Civil War.

Slavery Increase in the Southwest

• Caused rising tensions over the institution's expansion into new territories.