Mid Term Notes

Globality: A “Social Condition” that is defined by close economic, political, and environmental connections that territorial boundaries cannot stop. Some define it as the result/endpoint of globalization.

→ Steger believes we have not yet reached this point (to arrive in the future)

Global Imaginary: “People’s perception” of the entire world as a single body.; Acknowledgement of the ever increasing connectedness of different nations.

Globalization: “Social Processes” that transforms the local social condition to an international one. I.e. → International markets, Global investments, Transnational orgs like the International court of Justice.

Definitions of globalization:

Bill Clinton: “world without walls”

George Bush: “ties of trade and trust”

Roland Robertson: Globalization as a concept refers both to the compression

of the world and intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole.

Manfred B. Steger: “globalization is about intensifying planetary interconnectivity.”

Socrates: “I am a citizen, not of Athens or Greece, but of the world.”


Four Forms of globalization:

Embodied: “Movement of people across the globe” Steger calls it the “oldest form of globalization”

Disembodied: “Various forms and processes of social relations through words, pictures, electronic messages and digital currency

Object Extended: “Related to the transaction of different commodities related to commerce, which includes financial exchanges using coin and notes  or the exchange of different commodities through various ways

Organization-extended: Refers to the extension of global organizations such as empires, governments, and INGOs etc.

Global Citizenship vs Globalization

Globalization: Globalization is the process by which organizations develop international influence or operate internationally. It is driven by economics, business and money. It is about the flow of products, capital, people and information

Global Citizenship: Global citizenship is driven by identity and values. Global citizens build bridges and mitigate risks to safeguard humanity.

Citizenship:

UNESCO Defines citizenship as “the status of having the right to participate in and to be represented in politics”

TH. Marshall: Status bestowed to full members of a community. All who have this status are equal regarding duties and rights bestowed by that status.



Citizenship & the Four Areas of a Citizen’s Life

  1. The civil domain of citizenship:

    1. Rights & Freedoms

    2. Freedom of speech, expression, association & access to information

    3. Equality before the law

  2. The political domain of citizenship

    1. The right to vote and participate in politics

  3. The socio-economic domain of citizenship

    1. Rights to:

      1. Economic wellbeing and access to available all financial supports

      2. Engage in the workforce

      3. A safe environment 

  4. The cultural or collective domain of citizenship

    1. Multiculturalism

      1. Recognizing different cultural groups

      2. Awareness of global migration

Citizenship Education

  • Countries that acknowledge the importance of citizenship education: USA, Canada, UK, Ireland,Poland, Finland, Norway, Sweden, China, Spain, and others.

Canadian Citizenship

  • Citizenship Education Research Network (CERN) is a group of people interested in research to introduce practical approaches and principles to citizenship education across Canada.

  • Ontario and British Columbia are the leading provinces in Canada to introduce citizenship education.

  • Core Values of citizenship education(Canada) are to inform citizens about:

  • Democracy in local, regional, and international perspectives

  • Social issues

  • The political decision-making process

History of Canada

In 1535, French explorer Jacques Cartier first used the name Canada after two Aboriginal youths showed him the route to Kanata, the present Quebec city.

Canada’s Charter of Rights and Freedoms,...

  • The citizens’ freedom dates to the signing of the Magna Carta (the Great Charter of Freedoms), which includes:

    • Freedom of conscience and religion

    • Freedom of thought, belief, opinion, and expression that includes freedom of speech and of the press

    • Freedom of peaceful assembly, and

    • Freedom of association

  • Under Canada’s Constitution, the fundamental freedoms include:

    • Mobility Rights: Travel, Work , living

    • Aboriginal People’s Rights

    • Official Language Rights & Minority Language Educational Rights

    • Multiculturalism – the recognition and celebration of cultural differences

    • Equity – All are equal under the law

The Constitution was amended in 1982 and included the sentence, “Whereas Canada is founded upon principles that recognize the supremacy of God and the rule of law.

Citizenship Responsibilities include:

  • Obeying the law – No person, entity, or group is above the law

  • Taking responsibility for oneself and one’s family

  • Serving on a jury 

  • Voting in elections

  • Helping others in the community

Canada’s other global citizenship actions

  • Played a role in the abolition of the slave trade and slavery

  • Assumed a leading role in imposing economic sanctions against the South African apartheid regime.

  • Canada is one of the leading nations supporting peacekeeping missions worldwide.

  • Canada contributed to drafting the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

  • Canada played a crucial role in the movement for the International Criminal Court

  • Canada played a vital role in establishing the Commission on Intervention & State Sovereignty (CISS) and the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) principle.

  • Canada’s resettlement program to refugees

Ways to Obtain Canadian Citizenship:

  1. By birth

  2. By naturalization – if one meets the requirements:

  3. Be a permanent resident

  4. Have lived in Canada for at least 3 out of the last 5 years (1,095 days)

  5. Have filed their taxes

  6. Pass a citizenship test (depending on one’s age)

  7. Prove their language skills in English or French.