Writing Research Paper 3

Definition (#f7aeae)

Important (#edcae9)

Extra (#fffe9d)

Theory:

• A systematic explanation of phenomena based on observation, experimentation and reasoning.

• It provides a framework for understanding complex concepts and predicting future events or behaviors.

• Theories are central to academic disciplines, offering a foundation for research, analysis and application.

Theoretical & Conceptual Framework:

Theoretical Framework:

1. To develop or connect set of concepts, developed from 1 or more theories that researcher use to support a particular study.

2. It’s a definition of any concepts or theories that will provide the grounding of the research, united through logical connections.

Ex:

1. Social Constructivism: This framework emphasizes how individuals' understanding of reality is shaped by social interactions and cultural context. 

2. Conflict Theory: This theory views society as a struggle between different groups for resources and power. 

Conceptual Framework:

1. Is a justification on why the study should conducted.

2. There are 3 important elements that a researcher need in justifying the importance of the study:

   • Literature Review: Describes the state of known knowledge.

   • Identify gaps in understanding of a problem.

   • Outlines the methodology that is suitable for the study.

Ex:

1. Identify knowledge gap, geographical gap, methodology gap, etc.

2. Form suitable methodology for the study

How to present both:

1. Theoretical Framework:

   Explain the underlying theory or theories and how they justify your research focus and hypotheses.

2. Conceptual Framework:

   Present a diagram or model showing your study’s variables and their proposed relationships, often with justifications from literature.