PBIO FINALS - Metabolic Pathways of Biomolecules Pt. 5

pentose phosphate pathway

Remainder of the pathway involves non-oxidative reshuffling of the carbon skeletons of sugars.

1. fructose-6-phosphate

2. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

product of ppp

ribose 5-phosphate

generate ____ for nucleic acid and coenzyme production

hormonal control

The 2nd major method for controlling carbohydrate metabolism.

1. insulin

2. glucagon

3. epinephrine

3 major hormones control carbohydrate metabolism

insulin

- A 51-amino acid polypeptide produced by Beta cells in the pancreas.

- Also involved in lipid metabolism.

insulin

Promotes utilization of glucose by cells, hence lowering blood glucose levels.

insulin

- binding to proteins receptors on the outer surfaces of cells which facilitates entry of the glucose into the cells

- produces an increase in the rate of glycogen synthesis

glucagon

- 29-amino acid peptide hormone produced in the alpha cells in the pancreas

- Released when blood glucose levels are low

glucagon

Principal function is to increase blood-glucose concentration by speeding up the conversion of glycogen to glucose (glycogenolysis) in the liver.

Glucagon

elicits the opposite fx of insulin

Epinephrine

- aka adrenaline

- stimulates glycogenolysis

- Released by the adrenal glands in response to anger, fear, or excitement

muscle cells

target of epinephrine

Von Gierke Disease/ Hepatorenal Glycogenosis

glycogen storage disease type I

Von Gierke Disease/ Hepatorenal Glycogenosis

Glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency

pompe disease

GSD Type II

pompe disease

- Acid-maltase deficiency

- Alpha-1,4-glucosidase

1. Forbes Cori Disease,

2. Limit Dextrinosis

GSD Type III

1. Forbes Cori Disease,

2. Limit Dextrinosis

Glycogen debranching enzyme deficiency

1. Amylopectinosis

2. Andersen Disease

GSD Type IV

1. Amylopectinosis

2. Andersen Disease

Glycogen branching enzyme deficiency

McArdle Disease

GSD Type V

McArdle Disease

Muscle phosphorylase deficiency

hers disease

GSD Type VI

hers disease

Hepatic phosphorylase deficiency

tarui disease

GSD Type VII

tarui disease

Phosphofructokinase deficiency