6 concepts

Bias

A limitation in objective thinking; tendency to perceive information through a cognitive filter.

Perspective

Different types of approaches to find an understanding/interpret behaviour

• Biological, Cognitive, Socio-cultural

Change

A key focus of psychological research is how to apply theory and psychological findings with the goal of changing individual behaviours. Change is a constant in the human experience and can be gradual (as in human development) or sudden (as in mood changes).

Causality

Psychologists investigate the relationship between variables with the goal of determining cause-and-effect relationships. However, human behaviour is complex, so often causality is not the direct effect of one variable on another, but often the interaction of several variables.

Measurement

A fundamental challenge for psychologists is that human behaviour is difficult to observe and objectively measure. Measurement varies according to the context in which it is applied and the theory underlying its use. Psychologists must select appropriate methods for studying and collecting data relevant to the behaviour studied.

Responsibility

Ethical principles guide psychologists, and those studying psychology, to make reasoned and responsible decisions to ensure that benefits are maximized and costs are minimized. It is important to note that the core ethical considerations have been developed over time, and may continue to adapt and change depending on the context.