Mast Cell Tumors (not done)

Where can mast cell tumors be located?

Any site, but most common on the skin

What can be on the history of mast cell tumors?

Waxing and waning of size and appearance

What is in the cytoplasmic granules of mast cells?

Histamine

Heparin

Chemotactic factors

Kinins

What does heparin do?

Blood clotting

What do kinins do?

Increase vascular pemeability

What are the local signs of mast cell tumors?

Darier’s sign (Erythema and wheal formation)

Edema

Bruising

Pruritus

What are the systemic signs of mast cell tumors?

If metastasized, vomiting, anorexia, wt. loss

GI ulceration: melena and hematemesis

Who develops mast cell tumors?

Middle aged to older dogs

Commonly boxers, labs, boston terriers, pug, beagle, weimaraner

T/F mast cell tumors can look like anything?

True

What does a large ulcerated mass make you think?

The tumor grew very quickly

T/F patients can have a mast cell tumor and the only sign is lymphadenomegay?

True

How do you diagnose MCT?

FNA and cytology first seeing round cells w/ dark purple granules

Eosinophils are often present

What special stains might be needed for an FNA or cytology with MCT?

Wright, giemsa, toluidine blue

What is required to determine the grade and margins of a MCT?

Histopathology

If mast cells are not staining with diff quick what should you be concerned about?

Needing special stains can sometimes indicate the disease is more aggressive

Why do you need the grade and margins of a MCT?

It is required to determine prognosis and appropriate treatment

What is stage 0 and 1 of MCT?

Local disease without LN involvement

What is stage II of MCT?

Local disease with LN involvement

What is stage III of MCT?

Multiple tumors, big infiltrating tumors, can have LN involvement

What is stage IV of MCT?

Distant metastasis

What organ do MCT rarely travel to?

Lungs (no need for thoracic rads usually)

What is substage a of MCT?

No systemic signs

What is substage B with MCT?

Systemic signs present

What are the margins for a MCT?

2cm and 1 fascial plane deep

What do you want to give pathologists for histology of MCT?

The edge, ink the margins

What do you not do during MCT surgery?

DO NOT DEBULK because it will not heal

What are the grade of a MCT?

Either high or low grade

High grade is malignant

Low grade is benign

When do we use local radiation therapy?

Surgery is not an option or as adjuvant

Where do you do radiation therapy if indicated?

3cm margin around surgical scar

What is the efficacy rate of radiation therapy?

Alone for measurable tumors controls 50%

For grade II tumors with incomplete resection good for 2 years of control

What is stelfonta (gigilanol tiglate)?

Intertumoral treatment of non-metastatic MCT in dogs

Protein kinase C activator

What is stelfonta (tigilol tiglate) efficaious for?

Non-metastatic tumors <10cm³ accessible to intratumorally injection

If SQ, must be located at or distal to the elbow or hock

If cutaneous, located all over the body is ok

What happens after giving stelfonta (tigilol tiglate)?

A wound will for, can vary in severity of wound and you need to tell client before giving medication