BIOL116 Lecture #20 Conservation Biology

Hominins

clade that includes Homo sapiens and extinct humans

Hominins arose around __ MYA

5.5

When did human and chimpanzee lineages split?

5.5 to 7 MYA

When did anatomically modern humans exist?

200,000 years ago (0.2 million years ago)

Kya

thousand years ago

Mya

million years ago

Most modern humans live in

• sedentary societies

A few modern humans live in ___

nomadic groups

What is the bacteria that causes the bubonic plague?

Yersinia pests

What does this picture show?

Human population growth

What is the current human population size?

8,228,984,100

What is the projected human population size by 2050

9.4 billion people

What advances have increased the maximum population size that can be supported by the environment?

• food production

• technology

• sanitation

• medicine

Different human societies have different ___ impacts

environmental

Humans need which resources

• O2

• freshwater

• nutrients

Main crops in the world

• Corn (maize)

• Wheat

• Rice

• Potato

• Soybean

• Oat

• Cotton

• Sugar cane

• Canola

Main animal species consumed by humans

• Pig

• Caw (beef, veal)

• Chicken (poultry)

• Sheep

• Goat

• Fish

• Buffalo

• Tuna, tilapia, salmon

What is the first trend in area used by human?

Habitat transformation deforestation land clearing

What is the 2nd trend in area used by humans

• Air pollution

• Pollution of freshwater and marine ecosystems

What is the third trend in areas used by humans?

Disruption of biogeochemical cycles

What is the fourth trend in areas used by humans?

Overharvesting of animals and plants

What is the 5th trend in areas used by humans?

• Introduction of exotic species

What is the 6th trend in areas used by humans?

Climate change

What is the 7th trend in areas used by humans

• Extinctions

Anthropocentric

human centered

Europeans

Because Europeans saw nature mainly as something to serve human needs, they used and damaged huge amounts of natural resources in the lands they colonized starting in the 1500s.

What was the important element of the conservation movement developed (18th-19th century) based on?

Based on experiences of scientific officers trained to make observations on biology, natural history, geography, anthropology, and colonial regions

Opponents of materialistic society

• John Muir

• Ellen Swallow Richards

• Gifford Pinchot

• Aldo Leopold

• Rachel Carson

John Muir quotes

• “Nature has intrinsic value apart from its value to humanity”

• “People need far fewer possessions than they seek”

(be respectful)

Gifford Pinchot

• introduce idea of sustainability

Ellen Swallow Richards

• separating clean from dirty water (sewage systems)

Aldo Leopold

• be respectful with land

• LAND ETHIC (in exam)

Rachel Carson

• DDT

President Ulysses S. Grant established the ___ in _

Yellowstone National Park; 1872

Theodore Roosevelt established the first ___

national wildlife refuge;

What did Theodore Roosevelt also do? 

expanded federal lands for conservation.

Conservation Biology

• Integrated, multidisciplinary scientific field that has developed in response to the challenge of preserving species and ecosystems

Conservation biology merges ___ and __ biology

applied; theoretical

Conservation biology incorporates __ and _

ideas; expertise from a broad range of fields towards the goal of preserving biodiversity

What is the first goal of conservation biology?

• Document the full range of biological diversity on Earth

What is the second goal of conservation biology

• investigate human impacts on species, genetic variation, communities and ecosystems

What is the third goal of conservation biology?

Create ways to stop species from dying out, keep variety within species, and protect and rebuild ecosystems so they keep working.

What is the first ethical principal of conservation biology?

• the diversity of species and ecosystems should be preserved

What is the second ethical principle of conservation biology?

The untimely extinction of populations and

species should be prevented

What is the third ethical principle of conservation biology?

*Ecological complexity should be maintained.

What is the fourth ethical principle of conservation biology?

*Evolution should continue.

What is the fifth ethical principle of conservation biology?

*Biodiversity has intrinsic value.