Subphylum: Crustacea *crayfish, crabs, shrimp, pill bugs
Bilateral symmetry
Segmented body; abdomen, cephalothorax
Biramous legs; 2 branched
2 pair of antennae (4)
2 small eyes
Gills (few trachea) respiration; pill bugs
Open circulation; no viens no arteries
Exoskeleton; marine, aquatic, terrestrial
Subphylum: Chelicerata *scorpions, mites; ticks, spiders
Bilateral symmetry
Segmented body; abdomen, cephalothorax
4 pair of segmented legs
No antennae
Simple eyes most with 8
Book lungs for respiration
Open circulation
Exoskeleton
Subphylum: Myriapoda Class: Pauropoda *pauropods
Many body segments
Many legs; 2 per segment
No eyes
1 pair of biramous antennae
tracheal respiration
Open circulation
Exoskeleton
Subphylum: Myriapoda Class: symphyla *Garden centipedes
Many body segments
Many legs; 2 per segment
No eyes
1 pair of moniliform antennae
Tracheal respiration
Open circulation
Exoskeleton
Subphylum: Myriapoda Class: Diplopoda *milipedes
Many body segments
Many legs; 2 pair per segment (4)
Group of simple eyes
1 pair of antennae
Tracheal respiration
Open circulation
Exoskeleton
Subphylum: Myriapoda Class: Chilopoda *Centipedes
Many body segments
Many legs; 2 per segment
Aposematic coloration
0 to few eyes
1 pair of antennae
Subphylum: Myriapoda Class: Chilopoda *House centipedes
Many body segments
Many legs; 2 per segment
0 to few eyes
1 pair of antennae
1st pair of legs= jaw like poisonous claw
Tracheal respiration
Open circulation
Exoskeleton
Order: Protura *Proturans Pro: first, ura: Tail
Small size, whiteish color, entognathus
"Cone heads" no eyes, no antennae, no wings, no trachea
live in moist soil
detritivores: eat decaying matter, also feed on fungi
first pair of sensory hairs
Order: Diplura *Diplurans Dipl: two, ura: tail
Small size, whitish color, entognathus
Cerci, chewing mouthparts
moniliform antennae, no eyes
herbivores and carnivores
maternal care
Order: Collembola*Springtails coll: glue, embol: wedge
collophore; used to "glue" onto substrate its on the 1st abdominal segment
furcula hooks into retinaculum; acts like a spring
simple eyes (ocelli)
Class: Insecta Subclass: Apterygota Order: Archaeognatha Archaeo: Ancient, gnatha: jaw *Bristletails
2 cerci and 1 caudal filament
Compound eyes
Humpbacked
Eyes meet dorsally
Class: Insecta Subclass: Apterygota Order: ZygentomaZyg: Bridge, entoma: insect
sliverfish
2 cerci and 1 caudal filament
silver, glittery scales
body flattened
compound eyes, widely spread
Order: Ephemeroptera ephemero: for one day, ptera: wing *Mayflies
Large triangular forewing, cannot fold wings
Three caudal tails
Naiads- aquatic nymph, gills abdomen
Adults live for few hours to day
Do not feed just mate and lay eggs
Order: Odonata Odon: tooth
Dragonflies and damselflies
Dragonflies: wings do not fold, good flyers, stout body, cerci on males
Damselflies: wings do not fold, wings are held roof like, slender body, weak flyers, cerci on males
Dragonfly naiad: Internal rectal gills
Damselfly naiad: 3 external caudal gills
Order: Plecoptera Pleco: Braid, ptera: wing *Stoneflies
wings held flat over body
2 long filamentous cerci
Naiads have gills on thorax and legs
Order: Dermaptera Derma: skin, ptera: wing *Earwigs
Strong cerci/ modified males are curved, females are straight.
short tegmina front wings for protection
brachypterous wing, short
Maternal care
Order: Zoraptera zor: pure, aptera: wingless
Angel insects
Small look like termites
winged forms have eyes
short cerci
reduced wing venation
moniliform antennae
No pigment
Order: Orthoptera Ortho: straight, ptera: wing *Grasshoppers and crickets
Tegmina forewing, membranous hindwing
Jumping legs, digging legs
large compound eyes
Ovipositor
Crypsis- blend with their environment
Aposematic- warning colors
Order: Embioptera Embio: lively, ptera: wings *Webspinners
Small with "popeye" arms
Females are apterous (no wings) males have soft flexible wings
Compound eyes; no occeli
live in silken tunnels
Order: Phasmatodea Phasma: Phantom
Walkingsticks
Good at cryptic, blend with environment
short prothorax, long meso and meta thorax
chewing mouthparts
long slender legs
Order: Notoptera Suborder: Grylloblattodea Gryll: Cricket, blatta: cockroach
ice crawlers, rock crawlers
Prothorax larger than meso and meta thorax
Large coxa
Apterous (wingless)
found in cold environments
active at low temps
Order: Notoptera Suborder: Mantophasmatodea Mantodea + Phasmida
Heelwalkers, gladiators
New insect discovered in 2001
Large insect with round head
have heel like legs
Order: Mantodea Mantid: Prophet, Soothsayer *Praying mantids, Mantids
elongated prothorax
raptorial forelegs
lays ootheca
triangular head, well-developed eyes, and chewing mouthparts
hypognathous mouthparts
tegmina forewing, membranous hindwing
ambush predators, cryptic
Order: Blattodea Blatta: cockroach *Cockroaches and termites
Dorsally flattened
large shield pronotum, covers the head
forewings tegmina
cursorial legs; running legs
compound eyes and chewing mouthparts
long filiform antennae
lay eggs in ootheca
Order: Blattodea Infraorder: Isoptera Iso: equal, ptera: wings *Termites
Most without wings, but hind and fore are equal
abdomen fused to the thorax
Soft-bodied
Chewing mouthparts
Queen does physogastry- grow big and lays eggs
Caste system: sterile; workers and soldiers (nasus point head)
Subterranean termites- live underground in huge colonies, and build quickly
Dry wood termites- live above ground in small colonies, and build slowly
Order: Psocodea Class: Psocoptera Psocus: to grind, ptera: wings *Book lice and bark lice
Grinding appearances of mouthparts
large mobile head, large eyes
small pronotum; meso and metanotum are larger
maxillae elongate, showing first modifications for piercing sucking (chewing mouthparts)
Order: Psocodea Class: Phthiraptera *Parasitic lice
Apterous; wingless
Tarsal claws used for grasping onto hairs
dorsally flattened
Chewing lice; found on birds and some mammals, the thorax narrow than the head and abdomen
Sucking lice, found on human hair, thorax bigger than head
ectoparasites
eggs cemented in hair with accessory glands materials= nits
Order: Thysanoptera Thysano: fringe, ptera: wing *Thrisps
small with fringed wings
Asymmetrical mouthparts (right mandible reduced); left rasping (sucking)
elongated head and abdomen
slender body, wings at rest over abdomen
herbivores
vector of plant pathogens; causes damage to plants and crops
tomato (wilt virus)
Order: Hemiptera Suborder: Auchenorrhyncha Auchenos: neck; throat rrhyncha: beak; nose Family: Cicadidae *Cicadas
piercing-sucking mouthparts; mandibles and maxillae modified to stylets (pierce) held in a rostrum (tube, modify labium)
rostrum posterior to head, anterior to legs, opisthognathous
wings held "roof-like" roof-like
large, xylem feeders
loudest of all insects uses "tymbal"
live for a very long time as nymphs then emerge all at once
Order: Hemiptera Suborder: Auchenorrhyncha Aucheno: neck; throat rrhyncha: beak; nose Family: Cicadellidae *tree hoppers, sharpshooters, spotted lanternfly
piercing-sucking mouthparts; mandibles and maxillae modified to stylets (pierce) held in a rostrum (tube, modify labium)
rostrum posterior to head, anterior to legs, opisthognathous
wings held "roof-like" roof-like
xylem feeders
diverse shape and colors
vectors of plant pathogens
exceptional crypsis
tree hoppers have weird nose/ horn
Order: Hemiptera Suborder: Auchenorrhyncha Aucheno: neck; throat rrhyncha: beak; nose Family: Cercopidae *Spittlebugs
nymphs feed on the xylem and cover themselves with "spit" blow bubbles
spit is mucus from anal secretions and blowing air out the anus.. produces bubbles
adult are jumpers
Order: Hemiptera Suborder: Sternorrhyncha Sterno: chest, rrhyncha: beak; nose *Aphids
Rostrum appears from legs actually from head
cornicles- horn-like for pheromones
opisthognathous
piercing-sucking mouthparts; mandibles and maxillae modified to stylets (pierce) held in a rostrum (tube, modify labium)
All feed on plant sap (phloem or xylem)
structure in their gut that gets rid of the excess sugar; filter chamber
phloem feeders; sugar is excreted with the water called honeydew
honeydew gets all over plants and fungus grows called sooty mold
Order: Hemiptera Suborder: Sternorrhyncha Sterno: chest, rryhncha: nose; beak *Scales
soft bodied
legless and wingless
sexual dimorphism; male has legs and wings
piercing-sucking mouthparts; mandibles and maxillae modified to stylets (pierce) held in a rostrum (tube, modify labium)
All feed on plant sap (phloem or xylem)
Order: Hemiptera Suborder: Sternorrhyncha Sterno: chest, rryhncha: nose; beak *whiteflies
small, white powdery wings
nymphs; are oval crawlers; usually look like scales with spikes
piercing-sucking mouthparts; mandibles and maxillae modified to stylets (pierce) held in a rostrum (tube, modify labium)
All feed on plant sap (phloem or xylem)
Order: Hemiptera Suborder: Heteroptera Hetero: different, ptera: wing Family: Belostomatidae
Giant Water Bug (Water diving bugs)
piercing-sucking mouthparts; mandibles and maxillae modified to stylets (pierce) held in a rostrum (tube, modify labium)
forewing hemelytra, create an "X" pattern on the back
well-developed pronotum and triangular scutellum
Natatorial legs; swimming
females mount eggs on the male's back; paternal care
spiracles at the end of the abdomen
sucks body contents of prey
Order: Hemiptera Suborder: Heteroptera Hetero: different, ptera: wing Family: Gerridae
Water strider (Water surface bug)
piercing-sucking mouthparts; mandibles and maxillae modified to stylets (pierce) held in a rostrum (tube, modify labium)
forewing hemelytra, create an "X" pattern on the back
well-developed pronotum and triangular scutellum
Tarsi have hydrophobic hairs
found on the quiet surface of waters
sucks body contents of prey
Order: Hemiptera Suborder: Heteroptera Hetero: different, ptera: wing Family: Pentatomidae
Stink bugs (terrestrial bug)
piercing-sucking mouthparts; mandibles and maxillae modified to stylets (pierce) held in a rostrum (tube, modify labium)
forewing hemelytra, create an "X" pattern on the back
well-developed pronotum and triangular scutellum
shield-like body shape
noxious odor from abdominal glands
phytophagous
Order: Hemiptera Suborder: Heteroptera Hetero: different, ptera: wing Family: Reduviidae
Assassin bugs and kissing bugs (terrestrial bug)
piercing-sucking mouthparts; mandibles and maxillae modified to stylets (pierce) held in a rostrum (tube, modify labium)
forewing hemelytra, create an "X" pattern on the back
well-developed pronotum and triangular scutellum
raptorial forelegs, ambush predators
paralytic venom; suck out the body of the prey
kissing bug; feeds on blood; hematophagous; causes Chagas disease
Order: Hemiptera Suborder: Heteroptera Hetero: different, ptera: wing Family: Cimicidae
Bed bugs (terrestrial bugs)
piercing-sucking mouthparts; mandibles and maxillae modified to stylets (pierce) held in a rostrum (tube, modify labium)
dorsally flattened, elongated oval body shape
blood feeders; hematophagous
live in cracks and folds of mattresses, active at night
bites are irritating
traumatic insemination; aedeagus pierces female
Order: Neuroptera Neuro: nerve, ptera: wing *Lacewing
Wings vein detailed, held "roof-like" *Sickle shaped mandibles and maxillae
Predatory on aphids *lay eggs on stalk (made out of silk)
Order: Neuroptera *lacewing larvae
*spiky worm type like *"backpack bugs" or "junk bugs"
carry deceased insects on back
Order: Neuroptera Neuro: nerve, ptera: wing *Antlion
Wings vein detailed, held "roof-like" *Sickle shaped mandibles and maxillae
Clubbed antennae
Order: Neuroptera *Antlion larva
also known as doodle bugs
antilon pit; larve stay at bottom with mandible out
Order: NeuropteraNeuro: nerve, ptera: wing
owlflys
Wings vein detailed, held "roof-like" *Sickle shaped mandibles and maxillae
clubbed antennae
owl-fly eggs and larvae, laid on stems
Order: Neuroptera
owl fly larvae
owlfly eggs serve as first meal of emerging larvae
Round; sometime
have setae hair
large mandibles
Order: Neuroptera Neuro: nerve, ptera: wing
Mantifly
Wings vein detailed, held "roof-like"
Both wings are membranous
Mimic wasps
Order: Neuroptera Neuro: nerve, ptera: wing *sponge-fly
Wings vein detailed, held "roof-like"
Feed on feshwater sponge
Larvae is aquatic and have abdominal gills
Order: Megaloptera Megalo: large, ptera: wing *Dobson fly
very large wings
Males have longer mandible than females, males use it to compete
Order: Megaloptera
Dodson fly larvae
aquatic larvae
Abdominal gills
Also known as "Hellgrammite"
spiky
Order Megaloptera
Alderfly
very large wings
aquatic larvae
Most adults do not feed
Order: Raphidioptera Raphio: needle, ptera: wing
Snake fly
Ovipositor long and needle like
Elongate prothorax, cursorial forelegs at posterior end of prothorax
Gives appearance of a snake
Order: Raphidioptera *snake fly larva
prey on insects under bark
lay eggs under bark
Prognathous mouthparts
long body
Order: Mecoptera Meco: Long, ptera: wing
Scorpionfly
long and slender wings
elongated clypeus "beak-like"
chewing mouth parts at end of beak
Males have "bulbs" like terminal genitals
omnivores: eat dead arthropods (necrophagous)
Males entice female with nuptial gifts of dead insects
Rostrum
Tymbal
filter chamber
A: Pronotum B: Scutellum C: Hemelytra
A: Cornicles B: Honeydew
Sooty mold fungus caused by honeydew produce by spotted lantern-flies and aphids, affects the plant by inhibiting photosynthesis
cornicles
release alarm pheromones
Paternal Care
Order: Coleoptera Ground Beetles
*Front wing elytra, hind wing membranous *Elytra meet down the middle *Well developed pronotum *Black or Green coloration *Long legs; elongated head and mandible *Live on ground *Shiny lined elytra
Order: Coleoptera Bombardier Beetles
*Front wing elytra, hind wing membranous *Elytra meet down the middle *Well developed pronotum *Elaborate defense spray chemical
Order: Coleoptera Tiger Beetle
*Front wing elytra, hind wing membranous *Elytra meet down the middle *Well developed pronotum *Bulging eyes *Long, curosorial legs *iridescent or metallic colors *Strong, chewing mouthparts
Order: Coleoptera Tiger Beetles Larvae
*Strong, chewing mouthparts *Lives in vertical burrows
Order: Coleoptera Darkling Beetles
*Noxious chemical from end of abdomen *Genus Eleodes *Head stand warning *Fused elytra
Order: Coleoptera Click Beetles
*Elytra meet down the middle *Pronotum extends to points on the side *Ventral surface used to snap beetle on back to flip over "click"
Order: Coleoptera Scarab Beetles
*Stout, heavy beetles *Larvae are C-shaped "white grubs" *Herbivores, coprophagous, scavengers *Egyptians associated them with their gods, ancient jewelry
Order: Coleoptera Ladybird Beetles
Diff spots= diff species *Adults and larvae predators *Great for biological control *Use aggregation pheromones to gather at overwintering sites
Order: Coleoptera Predaceous diving beetles
*Aquatic beetles that store air in compressible gill under elytra *Breathe with plastron: hydrophobic hairs or ridges that trap air *Some males have suction discs, hold onto female during mating
Order: Coleoptera Predaceous diving beetle larvae
*Larvae breathes through caudal spiracles *Abdomen curves up
Order: Coleoptera Leaf Beetles
*Both larvae and adult are herbivores *Tortoise beetle; large pronotum
Order: Coleoptera Long-horned beetles
*Antennae very long *Lay egg in tree bark *Larvae bore the wood, kill trees
Order: Coleoptera Snout beetles
*Long snout (labrum), mandible at tip *Herbivores; serious pest
Order: Coleoptera Blister Beetles
*Broad head and abdomen and narrow thorax *Elytra loosely covers abdomen, end expose *Contain cantharadin, cause blisters *Thought to be aphrodisiac; spanish fly *Fatal if consumed in large quantities
Order: Coleoptera Lighting Beetles
*Enlarged pronotum *Light produce organ in abdomen *Flash lights to attract mates *Males will mate (Photinuos) they are eaten
Order: Strepsiptera Strepsi: turning, twisted ptera: wing *Twisted wing parasites
*Tiny insectd, sexually dimorphic *Female: laviform, without wing, eyes, antennae, cephalothorax *Males: forewing clublike halteres, hindwing are twisted and used for flight *Endoparasites of other insects; female is endoparasite her entire life
Brood Canal in Strepsiptera
Sperm transfer, between female cephalothorax and last larval exoskeleton
Triungulans
Emerge through the brood passage as mobile 6 legged larvae, find their own host
Stylopized Hosts
Deformed bodies of their hosts are termed stylopized; genus stylops
Order: Diptera Mosquitos
*One pair of haltere(hindwings), one pair of membranous wings *Piercing sucking mouthparts *Deadliest animals *Female= blood, Males= nectar *Larvae aquatic primitive
Order: Diptera Black Flies
*One pair of haltere(hindwings), one pair of membranous wings *Small, black color *Pest, feed on blood of animals can be deadly if bites too much *Humpback *Larvae are aquatic, disc like suckers
Order: Diptera Horse Flies
*One pair of haltere (hindwings), one pair of membranous wings *Cut-sponging mouthparts (labellum) *Female= blood, Males= nectar *Vector some disease mostly livestock
Order: Diptera House Flies
*One pair of haltere (hindwings), one pair of membranous wings *Musca Domestica *Plumose arista antennae *Eggs lays in rotting material *Vector diseases associated with feces
Studied by 3 People
