Understanding the Self

These flashcards cover key philosophical perspectives on the self from various philosophers, including definitions and main ideas.

Socrates

The first philosopher to systematically question the self; known as the 'Father of Western Philosophy'.

Philosophy of the Self

Encompasses the entire breadth of inquiry about humans and the universe; defines the self as a unified being related to consciousness, awareness, and agency.

Self-Knowledge

The ultimate virtue that leads to ultimate happiness.

Plato's Three Components of the Soul

The three parts proposed by Plato that must work harmoniously to attain justice in a human person.

St. Augustine's Twofold Process

The process involving self-presentation leading to self-realization through introspection.

Thomas Aquinas' Matter and Form

States that man is composed of two parts: matter (the substance) and form (the essence of a substance).

René Descartes' Essential Self

Describes the thinking self as nonmaterial and immortal, asserting 'I think, therefore I am.'

David Hume's View of Self

Proposed that the self is a bundle of perceptions in constant flux, relying on impressions and ideas.

Immanuel Kant's Authority of Reason

Asserted that morality is defined by reason, and that the human mind creates experiences.

Gilbert Ryle's Logical Behaviorism

Argued that the self is defined by behavior, focusing on public and private histories.

Patricia Churchland's Neuroscience Perspective

Proposed that a matured neuroscience would eliminate certain beliefs about self due to their unreality.

John Locke's Theory of Mind

Foundational to modern identity, asserting that the self is found in consciousness and defines identity.