C O M M O N L Y USED RATES THAT REFLECT MATERNAL A N D INFANT HEALTH

Live birth

Delivery of a product of conception that shows any signs of life after complete removal from the mother

Sign of life

Consists of a breath or a cry, any spontaneous movement, a pulse or a heartbeat,or pulsation of the umbilical cord

Early fetal death (miscarriage)

Dead fetus delivered within the first 20 weeks of gestation

Intermediate fetal death

Dead fetus delivered between 20-28 weeks of gestation

Late fetal death

Fetus born dead at 28 weeks of gestation or later

Infant death

Death of a live-born infant before infant’s 1st birthday

Neonatal death

Death of a live-born infant before completion of the infant’s 28th day of life

Post-neonatal death

Death of an infant after the 28th day of life – 1st bday

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

Neonatal and Post-neonatal Mortality Rates

Perinatal Mortality Rate

Maternal Mortality Rate

DEFINITION OF SPECIFIC TYPES OF RATES

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Number of live births divided by the midyear population per 1,000 (multiplier)

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

Used as an overall index of the nation’s health status

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

Data for both numerator and denominator are obtained from same type of collection system (e.g. vital statistics reporting

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

Has an added advantage of being both age-specific and available for most countries

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) formula

Neonatal rate

reflects the quality of medical services and of maternal prenatal behavior (e.g. nutrition,vices, etc. )

Post-neonatal mortality rates

reflects the quality of the home environment

formula for Neonatal and Post-neonatal Mortality Rates

Perinatal Mortality Rate

“around the time of birth”

• Evaluates the care of pregnant women before and during delivery

• Evaluates the care of mothers and their infants in the immediate postpartum period

Primary use of perinatal mortality rate

Perinatal mortality ratio

Approximation of the perinatal mortality rate in which the denominator does not include stillbirths

Maternal Mortality Rate

Useful measure of the progress of a nation in providing adequate nutrition and medical care for pregnant women

Pregnancy-related deaths (puerperal deaths)

Death of a woman who is pregnant or who has recently delivered (6 weeks after childbirth)