American Yawp ch. 9-10

Andrew Jackson 1

7th president of the US

Jackson killed another man in a duel

Jackson came to represent a "common man"

duelist bullet stuck him near his heart, but he stood and said, "I should have hit him if he had shot me through the brain."

a controversial symbol

The constitution and democracy

The purpose of the U.S. Constitution was to make a less democratic government for the sake of efficiency

Anarchy ………….. Tyranny

A divided country

The U.S was divided on these arguments

Common vs. Elite

Federal vs. State

Free vs. Slave

Alexander Hamilton

Warned of the "vices of democracy" and said he considered the British government—with its powerful king and parliament—"the best in the world."

Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts

A convention delegate who refused to sign the finished Constitution. "The evils we experience flow from an excess of democracy," he proclaimed

The elite believed

Too much participation by the multitudes would undermine good order. It would prevent the creation of a secure and united republican society.

Benjamin Rush

The Philadelphia physician and politician Benjamin Rush, for example, sensed that the Revolution had launched a wave of popular rebelliousness that could lead to a dangerous new type of despotism. "In our opposition to monarchy," he wrote, "we forgot that the temple of tyranny has two doors. We bolted one of them by proper restraints, but we left the other open by neglecting to guard against the effects of our own ignorance and licentiousness."

The People's beliefs

The American Republic was a democratic republic: the people were sovereign all the time, not only on election day

free states/slave states

The number of free and slave states was equal

argument of poltical power not morality

Missouri statehood

had enough population to become a state

10,000 enslaved

Free or Slave state??

James Tallmadge

claimed that slavery mocked the Declaration of Independence and the liberty it promised to "all men"

opposed slavery for moral reasons and to maintain sectional balance and power

Tallmadge Amendment

This was an attempt to have no more slaves brought to Missouri and to provide the gradual emancipation of the children of slaves. In the minds of Southerners, this was a threat to the sectional balance between North and South.

Start as a slave state then become a free state

passed the house

rejected at the senate

Missouri Compromise of 1820

The Compromise created by Jesse Thomas and Henry Clay (the Great Compromiser) to end the dispute and future ones like it

Missouri would become a slave state

creation of a new free state (Maine)

The Compromise Line banned slavery north of Missouri's southern border (36, 30 line of latitude

Thomas Jefferson 1820

"This momentous question, like a fire bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror… I considered it at once as the [death] knell of the Union."

Andrew Jackson 2

Born to 2 immigrants from Northern Ireland

Joined the Revolutionary War at 13

Tennessee - lawyer, enslavery, local politics (U.S representative, held a seat in the Senate)

Immense hatred for Britain

kept 150 slaves at his plantation, Hermitage

"Old Hickory"

Nickname for Andrew Jackson gained from the Battle of New Orleans.

Jackson became the most famous general in the War of 1812

Adams-Onis Treaty

Gave the US Florida

Election of 1824

4-way race

Elite (Henry Clay = West, kentucky John Q Adams = North, Massachusetss)

Common man ( Andrew jackson = south, Tenneassse)

William H. Crawford

Jackson won the popular vote.

No one won the Electoral College vote

Corrupt Bargain of 1824

Agreement that Clay will give Adama=s his votes in exchange for being appointed to Adams' cabinet

John Q Adams became the sixth president

Election of 1828 (dirtiest presidential election)

Andrew Jackson vs. John Q. Adams

Adams was slandered as "elite, corrupt, etc…. accused of offering the Russian emperor an American prostitute

Jackson was "Barbarian, murderer, etc…"

Jackson had "unwittingly" married his wife before her divorce was complete.

Rachael jackson

Wife of Andrew Jackson. Died before the election. Jackson blamed the death on the heavy slaying and his political opponents

The presidency of the "ordinary White man"

Andrew Jackson's presidency

He won the election of 1828

The Creek War

side conflict between different factions of the Muskogee (Creek) Indians

Jackson won a victory over hostile fighters at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in 1814

Battle of New Orleans

Jackson's troops (backwoods militiamen, free African Americans, Indians, and a company of slavetrading pirates) successfully defended the city. They inflicted more than 2,000 casualties against the British, sustaining barely 300 casualties of their own.

The Seminole War

Seminole indians - protected runaway slaves and attacked American settlers.

On Jackson's orders in 1816, U.S. soldiers and their Creek allies had already destroyed the "N Fort," a British-built fortress on Spanish soil, killing 270 former slaves and executing some survivors.

In 1818, they occupied Pensacola, the main Spanish town in the region, and arrested two British subjects, whom Jackson executed for helping the Seminoles.

Tariff of 1828

Tariff = tax on imports that protect U.S business

North welcomed the tariffs because is saved/protected manufacturing

South hated tariffs because they would be forced to buy expensive domestic

provoked European countries to retaliate with high tariffs of their own, reducing foreign purchases of the South's raw materials.

Tariff of Abominations (1828)

Southern name for the Tariff of 1828

John C. Calhoun

From South Carolina

V.P to Jackson

suppoeter of nullification

Drafted ""South Carolina Exposition and Protest"

Nullification Crisis

The idea that states have the power to nullify (not follow) federal law

Nullification

Calhoun is proposing South Carolina not follow tariffs and continue to import cheap foreign goods

Jackson did not like this

created a division in Jacksons cabinet

"Our Federal Union: it must be preserved."

President jackson

"The Union: next to our Liberty the most dear."

Vice president John C. Calhoun

Martin Van Buren (The little magician)

Brought in to replace Calhoun as VP

Ordinance of Nullification (1832)

South Carolina offcically nullified the tariffs

Sucession

For a state to break away from the union

S.C. threated to break away if they has to follow tariffs

Force Bill

Authorized Andrew Jackson to use the military to force tariffs on S.C.

"disunion, by armed force, is TREASON.

Vowing to hang Calhoun and any other nullifier who defied federal power

compromise bill

Proposed by Henry Clay

slowly lowered federal tariff rates.

South Carolina rescinded nullification for the tariffs but nullified the Force Bill.

Significance of the Nullification Crisis

S.C. backed doen - Federal authority prevailed