FBS 10 (LEC) 1

Forest

Size of an football field
As tall as an adult giraffe
hides 1/10th of visibility of the sky from the forest floor

Biotic (living)
Abiotic (non living)

elements of the forest

30% of earth’s land surface area

Forests covers about _________

80% of worlds terrestrial biodiversity

Forest are home to ___________

Rainforest

oldest living ecosystem
6% of all forest types but is incredibly diverse and complex
home to more than half of the world’s plant and animal species.

1500 flowering plants
750 species of trees
400 species of birds
150 species of butterflies

A 10 square kilometer patch of a rain forest can contain many as _________ species.

tropical rain forest

Mainly found where the climate is hot and humid

Few seasonal changes

Tropical rain forests are located near the equator where there are _________.

Latitude 23.5 N (The tropic of cancer)
and 23.5 S ( the tropic of capricorn)

Exact location of tropical rainforests

Ample sunlight and moisture

The ___________ are the essential factors contribution to the diversity of flora and fauna in TRFs.

Amazon
Congo River Basin
SEA
Madagascar

Three largest tropical rainforest.

Amazon

The larges tropical rainforest.

Lungs of the earth

Other name for Amazon

20%

how much percentage does the amazon give the world in terms of oxygen.

Northern Sierra Madre

The _______ harbors the largest contiguous tracts of remaining rainforests in the Philippines.

Emergent
Canopy
Understory
Forest floor

Forest layers

Condominium

Nature of tropical rain forests

Emergent

Trees are spaced wide apart, with umbrella shaped canopies growing above the forest.

canopy

It blocks winds, rainfall, and sunlight

creating a humid, still, and dark

environment below.

most of the

rainforest's animals live

Plenty of food available at

the canopy level that some animals

never go down to the forest

floor, Hence….

Understory (lower canopy)

Made up of the trunks of canopy trees, shrubs, and small trees and plants.

forest floor

is usually

completely shaded, except where

a canopy tree has fallen and

created an opening (gap).

Philippines

One of the megadiversity

countries; 1/10 of the total number of species

14,000 species 5% of the world’s flora

Flora in the Philippines is approximately_______

26

How many genera of flowers plants and ferns are endemic to the Philippines

45% to 60%

Flowering plant endimism

8000 angiosperms
33 Gymnosperms
1100 Pteridophytes
1271 Bryophytes
1355 algae
79 lichens

Specific number of species in our TRFS

Epiphytes

Air plants growing on branches of trees for support

and extracting moisture from the air and trapping

the constant leaf-fall and wind-blown dust

Lianas and stranglers

Woody vines growing rapidly

up the tree trunks when there

is a temporary gap in the

canopy

Epiphylls

Plant growing on the leaves of another plant

e.g. Liverworts & lichen

Competition for lightwith the leaves that support them

Ecological interaction of epiphylls

Lichens

Unique double organisms that

consist of two unrelated

components an alga and/or cyanobacterium

(photobiont) and a fungus

(mycobiont).

Heterotrophs

Non-photosynthetic plants that can survive

on the forest floor

Parasites

derive nutrients by tapping

into the roots or stems of photosynthetic

species

Saprophytes

derive nutrients

from decaying

organic matter