I'm just a FUNGI (MYCOLOGY REVIEW- everything from review, mentimeters, and all that fun stuff)

What dermatophyte has a reservoir as a cat and is zoophilic?

Microsporum canis

What dermatophyte is the reservoir is in the soil and is geophillic?

Microsporum gypseum

What dermatophyte is reservoir soil, swine and is geophillic/zoophillic?

Microsporum nanum

What dermatophyte is reservoir chicken turkey and is zoophillic?

Microsporum gallinae

What dermatophyte is reservoir rodent and is zoophillic?

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

What dermatophyte is reservoir cattle and is zoophillic?

Trichophyton verrucosum

What dermatophyte is reservoir horses and is zoophillic?

Trichophyton equinum

What is the environment source of Cryptococcus neoformans?

Pigeon droppings

(soil too)

What is the form of Cryptococcus neoformans that is in the environment?

Desiccated yeast cells (and basidiospores)

What is the form of Cryptococcus neoformans that is in the tissue?

yeast only

What is the species of cryptococcus that is though to be zoonotic? Where is it found?

C. gatti

Brazil

What domestic species is typically affected by cryptococcus?

cats

Where are the FIVE tissues where you can find the organ tropism for cryptococcus?

Nasal cavity & sinuses

CNS

Eyes

Skin/subcutis

Lungs

T/F If crypto is localized there is typically a pretty good prognosis

True (if it become disseminated then that is FAWKED)

Where does cryptococcuss end up disseminated to in cats?

CNS

What does crypto cause in cattle? Horses?

Bovine mastitis

Equine rhinitis

How would you diagnose crypto?

microscopic (india ink) or culture

T/F Dogs with any form of crypto and cats with disease in the CNS have a guarded prognosis

true ( Guarded prognosis = outcome is uncertain; the animal may improve but there is a significant risk of worsening or not recovering- im an idiot)

What is another name for a Dermatophilosis congolensis infection?

Streptothricosis

What is the environmental source of Dermatophilosis congolensis?

Found on skin of carrier animals and in soil

What type of climate would you expect to find Dermatophilosis congolensis in?

wet, humid environments

What is the infectious form in the environment of Dermatophilosis congolensis?

Motile zoospores

What is the form of Dermatophilosis congolensis found in the tissue?

Filamentous Hyphae

Is Dermatophilosis congolensis zoonotic?

rarely

What are the FOUR animals that Dermatophilosis congolensis is common in?

cattle

sheep

goats

horse

Where is Dermatophilosis congolensis trophism?

skin only (prefers wet or damaged skin)

What would you expect to see on cytology of Dermatophilosis congolensis?

parallel rows of G+ cocci

(similar to RAILROAD TRACKS)

How would you describe the prognosis of Dermatophilosis congolensis?

Good with treatment and environmental management

What is the environmental source of Pythium sp.?

Aquatic oomycete

found in stagnant warm freshwater (ponds, swamps, irrigation ditches) and wet grasses in warm, humid climates

Where in the US will you typically see Pythium sp?

Gulf States

What is the infectious form of Pythium found in the environment?

Motile zoospores

What is the form of Pythium that you find in the tissue?

Aseptate, branching hyphae

T/F Pythium sp responds well to antifungals

False, it is not a true fungus so it doesnt ( sowwy)

Is Pythium zoonotic?

rarely ( WHY CAN NOTHING BE A YES OR NO !@!$%*#)

What are the TWO animals that are typically affected by Pythium?

dogs and horses

What are the organ trophisms of Pythium in dogs? What do they cause?

GI tract- granulomatous and ulcerative lesions with draining tracts

What are the organ trophisms of Pythium in horses? What do they cause?

Skin- Ulcerative, draining lesions with "kunkers"

(know kunkers it is highlighted in the powerpoint, so that's chill)

How would you diagnose Pythium with Cytology / histopathology?

Aseptate, branching hyphae; eosinophilic granulomas

What animals is serology useful for with Pythium infection? (2)

Fun fact: Auburn is like one of the only places that does this- ik you care

(she went on about this slide in the review like we knew what she was talking about--- i found: Mycology 7 slide 55 if you gaf)

dogs

horses

rapid fire questions:

Pythium is susceptible to (hot/cold) temperatures and the mold grows @ ___ C

What is the holding medium?

What will you see on culture?

cold, 29

saline w/ antibiotics (store at ROOM TEMP)

Motile zoozpores

What are the TWO treatments for Pythiosis?

surgical excision

immunotherapy

T/F 20% of dogs respond to long term antifungal therapy after surgery

True

T/F Horses with localized skin lesions have a better prognosis if caught early

True

How is the prognosis if Pythium is in the GI?

Guarded to poor

What is the environmental source of Laegenidium sp?

Aquatic oomycete (water mold)

warm freshwater

What is the infectious form of Laegenidium sp.?

Motile zoospores

What is the form of Laegenidium sp. found in the tissue?

Aseptate, broad, branching hyphae

What form of Laegenidium is typically fatal because it disseminates?

Aggressive cutaneous

Is Laegenidium zoonotic?

no

What animal is most susceptible to Laegenidium?

dogs

What is the tissue/organ tropism of Laegenidium?

cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues

T/F Pythium is more invasive than Laegenidium

False, Laegenidium is more invasive

How is the prognosis with Laegenidium?

poor (worse than with Pythium)

What is the environmental source of Prototheca spp?

Achlorophyllic algae

moist, dirty environments

T/F Prototheca spp is a fungus

FALSE, it is pseudofungi (dont be an IDIOTTTT)

What is the infectious form in the environment for Prototheca?

Unicellular algal cells

What is the form in the tissues for Prototheca?

Round yeast-like organisms

Is Prototheca zoonotic?

very rare (AGAIN WHY NOT YES OR NO DONT PMO)

What are the TWO animals that are most likely to get Prototheca?

dogs

cattle

Where do dogs typically have the organ trophism for Prototheca?

GI tract, eyes (retinitis → blindness), CNS, skin

Where do cattle typically have the organ trophism for Prototheca?

Mammary tissue (Mastitis)

What would you see on cytology with Prototheca?

Round sporangia with internal daughter cells arranged like a "soccer ball."

What is the prognosis for dogs and cattle with Prototheca?

Dogs: Poor (especially with disseminated disease or ocular/CNS involvement)

Cattle with mastitis: CULL

What is dematiaceous fungus with pigmented hyphae and yeast-like cells?

Phaeohyphomycosis

What is the environmental source of Coccidioides immitis?

Soil-dwelling dimorphic fungus

Where in the US can you find Coccidioides immitis?

Southwestern U.S.

What is the infectious form Coccidioides immitis in the environment?

Arthroconidia (arthrospores)

What is the morphologic form of Coccidioides immitis?

Spherules filled with endospores

Is Coccidioides immitis zoonotic?

No direct zoonotic transmission

What is the most common domestic species affected by Coccidioides immitis?

dogs

What do you see on cytology with Coccidioides immitis?

Large spherules containing endospores

Should you culture Coccidioides immitis?

POSSIBLE but hazardous—biosafety concern due to highly infectious arthroconidia

What could you possible see on imaging with Coccidioides immitis?

Bone lesions, pulmonary nodules

OKAY I AM SO SORRY YOU HAD TO DO ALL OF THAT NOW FOR CHILL MENTIMETER QUESTION PLEASE DONT HATE ME

slate tax (ik it's not miber but be nice)

What is another name for Dermatophilosis?

streptomycosis

(this is what she meant to say in the review but confused everyone but she was up at 2am so lets be nice)

The fungal disease caused by Sporothrix schenckii:

Sporotrichosis

Which of the following is correct regarding Cryptococcus neoformans?

has a thick cell wall

capsule is a virulence mechanism

is acid fast positive

forms pseudohyphae

capsule is a virulence mechanism

Serology is useful for diagnostic purposes in dogs?

Coccidiomycosis

What is a key similarity between dermatophytosis and dermatophilosis?

both can be zoonotic

Why is feline sporotrichosis readily transmitted to humans?

Large number of organisms

Broad-based budding yeasts include what? (2)

Blastomyces

Malassezia

Narrow-based budding yeasts include (3)

Candida

Sporothrix

Cryptococcus

Dimorphic fungi grow at what temperatures?

Both 25-30 and 37

What of the following can be associated with eumycetoma formation?

Microsporum canis

Tissue grains can be associated with what THREE things?

Nocardia

Eumycetoma

Pseudomycetoma

Conidiobolus and Basidiobolus differ in their propensity to spread to adjacent tissues. Which answers are correct?

Conidiobolus tends to spread

Basidiobolus tends to spread

Condidiobolus is more localized

Basidiobolus is more localized

Basidiobolus tends to spread

Condidiobolus is more localized

Arthrospores (arthroconidia) are the infectious phase for which of the following diseases?

Dermatophytosis

Which of the following are considered oomycetes?

Paralagenidium

Serology is utilized as a diagnostic test to support clinical suspicion of which of the following diseases in dogs?

Coccidiomycosis

Pythiosis

Differentials for fungal rhinitis in cats include (2)

Cryptococcosis

Sporotrichosis

Candida and Malassezia are classified as what?

monomorphic yeast

Single budding 3-4 micrometer yeast cells with pseudohyphae (with narrow constriction at septae)

- associated with mucosal- site infections

- classified as a dimorphic fungus

- always significant when found in the GI tract

- usually colonizes in hair shafts

associated with mucosal site infections

(Candida-it is a monomorphic yeast, a normal fungus living in the healthy gastrointestinal (GI) tract, usually found in the superficial skin)

What is the only organism that we talked about that is associated with pseudohyphae?

Candida spp

What are THREE common clinical features associated with Candidiasis?

Cutaneous/UTI

GI Overgrowth

Disseminated

Which of the following is correct for Malassezia pachydermis?

-dry scaly skin is a predisposing factor

- pruritis is common

- there is no breed disposition

- yeast have a narrow based bud

pruritis is common

What are the TWO breed dispositions to Malassezia pachydermis?

westy white haired dogs

basset hounds

How would you describe the shape of Malassezia pachydermis?

broad base budding pattern yeast (peanut shaped)

What is another name for Dermatophytosis?

ringworm

What are FOUR underlying predisposing factors for Malassezia dermatitis?

Hypersensitivity disorders

Cornification defect

Endocrinopathies

Atopy

Which of the dermatophyte species is classified as both geophilic and zoophilic and is associated with swine?

microsporum nanum