Exam 2 CV System

plasma (55%), WBC and platelets (1%), RBC (45%)

components of blood and percent of composition

platelets

megakaryocyte pieces, rather than cells

water (90%), proteins (7-9%), sugar (.1%), urea (.03%), salts (.9%)

plasma composition

red blood cells

most abundant cell in blood

red blood cells

erythrocytes

white blood cells

leukocytes

red blood cells

function of this cell is to carry O2 to, and CO2 away from cells

transport, regulation, protection

functions of the circulatory system

O2, nutrients, wastes, hormones, stem cells

the transport function of the CV system includes:

inflammation, WBCs, antibodies, platelets

the protection function of the CV system includes:

fluid distribution, acid/base balance, buffer, body temp

the regulation function of the CV system includes:

erythrocytes, platelets, leukocytes

the formed elements of blood are:

osmotic balance

plasma's function within blood is...

granulocytes, agranulocytes

types of leukocytes

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

types of granulocytes

lymphocytes, monocytes

types of agranulocytes

hemoglobin, 33%

\___________ is the protein in RBCs responsible for carrying oxygen. \_____% of an RBC is made up of this.

organelles

mature erythrocytes have no \____________

glycolipids, blood type

the cell membrane of a RBC has \_________ which determine \____________

bioconcave disk

what does a red blood cell look like?

find and destroy pathogens

white blood cells travel from blood to other connective tissues to...

immune

white blood cells are a critical component to the \________ system

neutrophils (60-70), lymphocytes (25-33), monocytes (3-8), eosinophils (2-4), basophils (.5-1)

what are the five white blood cells and the normal composition percentage of each

neutrophils

most common WBC (60-70% wbc)

neutrophils

aggressively antibacterial WBC which raises during bacterial infections

lymphocytes

25-33% wbc, second most abundant wbc

lymphocytes

B-cells and T-cells make up this wbc

b-cells of lymphocytes

responsible for humoral immunity

t-cells of lymphocytes

responsible for cellular immunity

immunity memory, actively secrete antibodies

B memory cells are responsible for \_______ (how vaccines work), and B plasma cells \_____________

antigens, B-cells

T helper cells present \_________ to \__________

monocytes

largest wbc makes up (3-8% wbc count)

monocyte

raises during viral infection and inflammation, antigen presenting cell

monocyte

the WBC that leaves blood via diapedesis and becomes a macrophage

eosinophils

fights parasites, responsible for allergies, dispose of inflammatory chemicals (heparin/histamine)

eosinophils

makes up 2-4% of wbc count

basophils

rarest wbc (~.5% wbc)

basophils

releases histamine and heparin, wbc recruiter to infection site

neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

list 5 kinds of wbc in order of abundance

artery

vessel carrying blood away from the heart

vein

vessel carrying blood to the heart

smooth muscle

tunica media is made up of

simple squamous epithelium

tunica interna is made up of

elastin and collagen

tunica externa is made up of

120/80

normal blood pressure of artery is

normal blood pressure of a vein is

larger

the tunica media is \__________ in arteries

veins

the tunica media is smaller in \_________

endothelial cells

capillaries are made up solely of \__________

tunica externa, external elastic lamina, tunica media, internal elastic lamina, tunica interna (subendothelial layer, endothelium)

layers of the arterial wall from superficial to deep

tunica externa, tunica media, tunica interna (subendothelial layer, endothelium), valve

layers of the venous wall from superficial to deep

basement membrane, endothelial cells

layers of the capillary wall from superficial to deep

superficial temporal artery, facial artery, common carotid

pulse points of the head/neck

external and internal carotid arteries

the common carotid branches off into the \__________

external carotid artery

most arteries of the head blood supply is provided by the \_________

supra-orbital, supratrochlear

internal carotid artery supplies blood to the \_______ and \__________ arteries

superficial temporal artery, occipital, maxillary, facial, mental, external/internal carotid

arteries of the head

occipital, external/internal jugular, vertebral, facial, maxillary, temporal

veins of the head

none

which veins are pulse points

backflow

the valves in veins prevent\________

vertebral, suprascapular, axillary, brachial, radial, ulnar, common carotid, subclavian, brachiocephalic trunk, descending aorta

arteries of the trunk/arm

brachial, radial, common carotid

pulse points of the trunk/arm

axillary

armpit artery

brachial

artery used for taking blood pressure, also a pulse point

descending aorta

splits into the left and right common iliac arteries

brachiocephalic trunk

first to break off of the aortic arch and turns into the right subclavian and right common carotid

left subclavian artery

third to break off aortic arch

aorta, brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

branches of the aortic arch

superior vena cava

drains blood from upper limbs/head

internal thoracic vein

branches off of superior vena cava, resides in the anterior chest wall

azygos vein

branches off superior vena cava, resides in the posterior chest wall

hepatic vein

takes blood from liver to body

renal vein

carrying blood that has been "cleaned", coming from the kidneys to the heart and feeding into the inferior vena cava

gonadal vein

ovarian vein/testicular vein

adrenal vein

branches off of inferior vena cava or renal veins

inferior vena cava

carries blood from lower limbs and abdominopelvic cavity to heart

axillary, cephalic

brachiocephalic -\> subclavian -\> \___________(armpit), \___________ (arm)

external and internal jugulars, vertebral

superior branches of the subclavian vein

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, renal, hepatic, gonadal, subclavian brachiocephalic, internal/external jugular, vertebral, azygos, internal thoracic, lumbar, adrenal, cephalic, axillary

veins of the trunk/shoulder

subclavian

vein running posterior to the scapula, receives blood from axillary vein

cephalic

vein feeding into axillary vein, one of two main veins of the arm

brachial, basilic

feeds off into axillary vein

median cubital

most common site to draw blood

radial, ulnar

\_______ and \______ veins feed into the brachial vein

under the clavicle

where will you find a vessel named subclavian

no common jugular, carotids have a common, internal and external

what is a difference between the jugulars and carotids

renal vessels

vessels that go to the kidneys are called \______

iliac

the descending aorta branches into the left and right common \________ arteries

internal and external iliac arteries

the common iliac artery branches into the \_____

internal iliac

the internal iliac supplies blood to this region

rest of the leg

the external iliac supplies blood to the....

femoral artery

runs medial, pulse point, primarily runs on the posterior side of the leg

popliteal artery

runs medial, pulse point, posterior side of the knee

anterior tibial artery

anterior part of the leg, runs in between tibia and fibula

dorsalis pedis artery

pulse point, anterior part of foot

peroneal artery

posterior part of lower limb, feeds into fibular artery

common iliac, external and internal iliac, femoral, popliteal, fibular, anterior tibial, dorsalis pedis, peroneal

arteries of the lower limb

internal and external veins

the common iliac vein receives blood from the...

great saphenous vein

runs on the medial part of the lower limb, from the ankle to the femoral vein

popliteal vein

vein running on the posterior part of the knee