Lynch Midterm

Final Exam

___ is the philosophy that advocates public rather than private control of property

socialism

'Survival of the fittest"

Social Darwinism

"hands off" free market

laissez faire economics

"we have to put strict limits on immigration! these european anarchists, catholics, and chinese laborers will ruin the country and take away our jobs"

nativist

"while waiting to hear my fate, i wrote poetry on the walls of the detention barracks on angel island" who would have said this ?

asian immigrant

a cotton gin

removes cotton seeds

a law passed and prohibited the manufacture, sale , or shipment of impure or falsely labeled food and drugs

pure food/ drug act

a newsperson who digs deeper into corruption and social problems to expose problems in the u.s

muckraker

a view of society based on charles darwin scientific theory of natural selection; stronger people, businesses, and nations would prosper and weaker ones would fail

social darwinism

A way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities.

bessemer process

adam smith

economist who believed in capitalism

after 1860

the northern economy grew more quickly than the south

alfred mayans vision of the united states

mahal proposed the production of a modern fleet of ships to control the seas in case of international conflict

All early factories had to be located

on or near a major railway line

all the trails west originated in what state

missouri

an entrepreneur is a type of

business person

an organization linked to a political party that often controlled local government

political machine

another name for the spoils system, in which government or favors are given out to political allies and friends

patronage

believed african americans should work to get training and economically improve their status, not fight for equality

booker t washington

During the late 1800s, children often worked in factories because

families needed the income to survive

Economic term meaning "hands off"

laissez-faire

eli whitney

inventor of the cotton gin

extreme nationalism marked by aggressive foreign policy

jingoism

federal law in the united states that establishes the rules and regulations regarding who could be hired for and retain jobs within the federal government

pendleton act

he wrote a book titled "the jungle"

upton sinclair

her settlement house helped immigrants adjust after coming to the united states

jane addams

his book titled "how the other half lives" showed the poor living conditions in new york

jacob riis

How did business leaders in the late nineteenth century utilize vertical integration?

they maintained control of production and distribution of their products

how did native american migration differ from that of white americans

most native americans migrated after being forced from their land

how did president taft hope to affect u.s foreign policy with his plan for dollar diplomacy

taft aimed to increase american investment in latin america and caribbean banks and businesses

How did the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act affect Chinese immigrants?

the act banned any new chinese laborers from entering the united states

how did the crusades spark the curiosity that would lead to the age of exploration ?

the crusaders brought back stories, ideas, and goods from west Africa that stimulated new interest in Arica for europeans

how did the invention of interchangeable parts revolutionize the way products like guns could be produced

it sped up the manufacturing process, increasing profitability

In response to the ruling in Wabash v. Illinois, Congress created the

interstate commerce commission

in the 19th century, collective bargaining was carried out between

employers and employees

in the post-civil war era, which group of people faced the greatest discrimination on the west coast

Chinese immigrants

In what way did the year 1898 represent a turning point for the United States?

it became an imperial power with colonies

James A. Garfield

assassinated a few months into his presidency

jim crow

character popularized by a slavery-era stage performer

John D. Rockefeller

industrialist who established standard oil

lynchings

executions carried out by a mob without allowing the accused to appear in court

manifest destiny was the idea that

The nation was meant to spread all the way to the Pacific

members of congress who wanted to declare war on Britain were nicknamed the

war hawks

Missouri's request to enter the Union as a slave state created a problem because

it would upset the balance of power between slave and free states in the senate

paper notes promising to eventually repay money with interest are called

bonds

Plessy v. Ferguson

Established the doctrine of separate but equal

Policy that the United States would intervene in Latin America

roosevelt corollary

progressive reformer jane addams was primarily responsible for

providing immigrant families with a wide range of social services

Samuel slater

british industrialist who smuggled the plans for a spinning machine to the u.s

scabs

workers called in to replace striking workers

section of a country where a foreign nation enjoys special rights and powers

sphere of influence

the american revolution changed the expectations of people in american society. How did the lives of african americans, native americans, and women change ?

all were denied political rights. slavery remained in place.

the bessemer process was crucial in the development of

skyscrapers

The bill of rights that went into effect in 1791 had ___ amendments

ten

the democratic-republicans believed _____ were not helpful to farmers

protective tariffs

the idea that english speaking nations are superior

anglo saxonism

the idea that government should own and operate industry for community as a whole

socialism

The last amendment in the Bill of Rights states that

the people have other rights that are not listed

the moderation of elimination of alcohol

temperance

the populists hoped to beat the democrats in the south by

appealing to poor whites and poor blacks

the right to vote

suffrage

the riot took place in chicago between rioters and the police. It ended when someone threw a bomb that killed dozens

haymarket riot

The shoshone who joined the lewis and clark expedition as a guide was

sacagawea

the solution that emerged in the missouri compromise was to admit missouri

as a slave state and maine as a free state

the steamboat was an improvement over barges because it could

travel upstream

The supreme court case wabash v. illinois established the principle that

only the federal government can regulate interstate commerce

The Supreme Court set the stage for legalized segregation by overturning the

civil rights act of 1875

the united states gained the louisiana purchase by

buying it from france

Think about the Columbian Exchange. Why might some historians conclude that the seeds and plants of the Americas were very important for the population of Europe?

nutritional changes increased the health and growth of European populations. the surplus population eventually peopled the americas

this person led the niagra movement to push for equal rights for african americans by using the courts to sue violators of civil rights legislation

w.e.b dubios

this president believed in dollar diplomacy

taft

this socialist candidate for president was eventually jailed for disagreeing with US entering into ww1

eugene v debs

Through the practice of __________, the British seized American sailors.

impressments

Under the terms of the Pendleton Civil Service Act, individuals who wanted to work for the government

had to take an exam to qualify

Under the terms of the Pendleton Civil Service Act, individuals who wanted to work for the government

had to take an exam to qualify

unlike in the north, segregation in the south was

enforced by law

Washington cautioned Americans to avoid ____ with foreign countries.

alliances

what are some pull factors for immigration

religious and political freedom, cheap land, factory jobs, family in united states

what conditions allowed many colonists to grow rich?

In the colonies land was plentiful but labor was scarce

What did W.E.B. DuBois believe about african americans and racial relations in the united states

african americans should immediately demand equal treatment under the law

What economic factors helped save the jamestown colony?

Jamestown became a plantation economy with tobacco as a cash crop

what effect did the phrase "remember the maine" have on public opinion in the united states

It encouraged anger towards spain and helped lead to a war

what excluded african americans from voting, but allowed any man who did not pass the literacy test to vote if their fathers or grandfathers had

grandfather clause

what happened to cuba and puerto rico after the spanish american war

cuba became independent but the platt amendment tied it to the united states; puerto rico became a territory

What is Alfred T. Mahan best known for today?

transforming the United States into a naval power

what is the name of the political reform that allows voters to reject laws even if they had already been passed by the legislature

referendum

what issue did the three-fifths compromise address?

concern by people in states with small enslaved populations that they would not be represented fairly

what was one important effect of the invention of the cotton gin in 1793?

the demand for slave labor increased

what was one reason the triangle trade so successful ?

it was a profitable venture because each region produced goods that were not available anywhere else

what was the main source of power in the earliest factories

running water

what was the outcome of the forager act

it allowed for the appointment of a governor for puerto rico

what was the primary effect of the supreme court ruling in plessy . v ferguson

it legalized segregation in many parts of the country

when did the movement for independence begin to gain strength in the 13 colonies?

seeds were planted after the end of the french and indian war when British colonial policies began to change

When workers negotiate as a group with employers, they are engaging in ___

collective bargaining

which of the following developments was responsible for the decline in american indian populations after contact with europeans?

the spread of disease

which of the following economic systems is based on private investment for individual gain

capitalism

which of the following inventions was entirely dependent on the invention of the steam engine

the railroad locomotive

which of the following is a true statement about political machines during the guided age

political machines won the loyalty of large immigrant groups by promising solutions to problems like poor sanitation or transportation

which of the following made possible the american industrial growth of the late 1800s

technological advances

which of the following revolutionized american communications in the late 1800s

the telegraph and telephone