Advanced SS

Anatomy

structure of organisms and the relations of their parts

Physiology

functions of living organisms or their parts

Speech

physical phenomenon that requires the integrated action of the nervous, respiratory, phonatory, and articulatory system

Acoustics

the branch of physics that deals with the production, transmission, and reception of sound

epithelial tissue

skin, cavity lining

protective function

epithelial tissue

connective tissue

cartilage, bone, blood

supportive function

connective tissue

muscular tissue

striated, smooth, cardiac

contraction upon stimulation

muscular tissue

nervous tissue

neurons

information transmission

nervous tissue

epithelial tissue function

protective function

connective tissue function

supportive function

muscular tissue is ...

contraction upon stimulation

nervous tissue is ...

information transmission

body tissues->

body tissues->organs->body systems

nervous system is made up of

brain, spinal cord, nerves

nervous system definition

regulation and coordination of the speech systems

respiratory system is made up of

trachea, lungs, thorax, abdomen

respiratory system definition

energy source for oral communication

phonatory (laryngeal) system is made up of

laryngeal cartilages, muscles, ligaments

phonatory (laryngeal) system definition

conversion of air into sound

articulatory (supralaryngeal) system is made up of

articulators, cavities, associated muscles

articulatory (supralaryngeal) system definition

transformation of exhaled air into phonemes

acoustics is

time, frequency, amplitude

anatomy helps

find where problem is for treatment goal

speech sounds=

exhalation production

main function of respiratory system

exhalation flow for speech

laryngeal =

anatomical (larynx)

phonatory =

physiological (speech function)

laryngeal sounds vs voiced speech sounds

laryngeal sounds= vf vibrating (buzzing)

voiced speech sounds= articulatory system shaping the sounds

articulatory system main function

transforming air/laryngeal sounds into voiced sounds

absent voice

respiratory system, phonatory system, nervous system

almost inaudible speech

nervous system, articulatory system, phonatory system, respiratory system

swallowing difficulty

nervous system, phonatory system, articulatory system

central nervous system

brain spinal cord

peripheral nervous system

cranial nerves spinal nerves

somatic nervous system

conscious functions voluntary control

automatic nervous system

involuntary control

sympathetic system

activation of organs and glands

fight, flight

parasympathetic system

conversion of energy

return of visceral functions to normal levels after sympathetic activation

Cells of the NS (number)

10-100 billion

Cells of the NS (tissue and transmission)

communicating tissue

action potential transmission

Cells of the NS

Connection with other neurons at _______________

synapse

Glial cells are more

numerous than neurons

Glial cells (tissue)

supporting tissue of the CNS

Glial cells (insulation)

electrical insulation among neurons

Glial cells function

supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons

removal of dead neurons

oligodendrocytes form

myelin in CNS

Schwann cells form

myelin in PNS

myelin in PNS

Schwann cells

myelin in CNS

oligodendrocytes

brain is housed

within the skull

brain additional protection by

the meninges

brain encompasses

ventricles

circle of Willis

cortex

cerebrum (lobes)

blood supply

basal ganglia

thalamus

brainstem

cerebellum

cranial nerves

spinal cord housed within

the spinal column

spinal cord additional protection by

the meninges

spinal cord encompasses

spinal nerves

Skull definition

bony structure that protects the brain

Skull consists of

the cranium (which houses the brain) and facial skeleton

the cranium houses

the brain

meninges (singular)

meninx

meninges adjective

meningeal

meninges defintion

protective system of tissue and fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord

dura mater definition

outermost layer, well supplied with nerves and blood vessels

arachnoid mater definition

web-like appearance, absence of blood vessels

pia mater definition

thin , delicate, highly vascular tissue along the brain surface

cerebrospinal fluid

located in the subarachnoid space, produced within brain ventricles, circulates within the entire meningeal system

four ventricles or

cavities

four ventricles :

two lateral ventricles (one in each hemisphere)

third ventricle and the fourth ventricle

third ventricle and the fourth ventricle

interventricular foramen

connects the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle

cerebral aquaduct

connects the third and fourth ventricles

CSF manufactured by

specialized cells within the ventricles, especially the lateral ventricles, and it flows into the subarachnoid space

CSF flows into the

subarachnoid space

Brain Blood Supply

continuous supply of blood provides ____________________

oxygen and glucose to support metabolic needs of the nervous tissue

Brain Blood Supply

brain does NOT store

energy-producing elements, so blood supply cannot be interrupted for more than a few minutes; longer interruption leads to brain damage and death

blood supply cannot be interrupted for more than a few minutes;

longer interruption leads to brain damage and death

(Brain Blood Supply)