MASTARY J.C. FLASHCARDS

tragedy

A(n) \________ is a "goat song ..

Ethos

\________ is used to convey the writers credibility and authority.

Authors

\________ can desire a range of emotional responses, including sympathy, anger, frustration, or even amusement.

logical connections

To use logos, the author makes clear, \________ between ideas, and includes the use of facts and statistics.

funcation of tradgey

The function of a \____________ is to arouse pity and fear in that audience so that is purged

catharsis

audiences exprecences pity for the charcter and fear becuase the hero is “better”

Tragic hero three parts:

Noble in the sense of wordstradgic flawreconizes error and accepts resonsbility

General structure of Tragedies

prolougeparados: songs or odesdilouge and choral odesExodus: concluding scene

Aristotle definition of DRAMA

“imitated human actions”

Two types of DRAMA

Tradgey and comedic

The Greeks and Romans got DRAMA in\----- drama arose from \________ belief cermionies

5th century BC PAGAN

The Renaissance added two types of DRAMA

history romance

what is the Red Lion Playhouse and who created it?

The Red Lion Playhouse was a theatre located in London, England during the 16th and 17th centuries. It was created by John Brayne and James Burbage, and it was one of the first permanent theatres in London.

explain the globe theater

theater in London, where many of William Shakespeare's plays were performed. It was built in 1599 and had a capacity of around 3,000 people. The theater was open-air and had three levels of seating, with the cheapest seats located in the "pit" area in front of the stage. The stage itself was a large, rectangular platform that jutted out into the audience, and was surrounded by a roofed area known as the "heavens". IT WAS destroyed by fire in 1613, but was rebuilt the following year.

Beware the ides of March

Soothsayer-1.2.21 Soothsayer is warning Caesar about the misfortune that will happen on March 15 during the feast of Lupercalia

…he doth bestride the narrow world Like a Colossus, and we petty men\ Walk under his huge legs and peep about To find ourselves dishonorable graves

Cassius-1.2.142-45 Cassius begins his speech by responding to Brutus, who has just himself responded to the sound of applause that can be heard, honoring Julius Caesar. Brutus said that the ‘applauses are / For some new honors that are heaped on Caesar.’

The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, But in ourselves.

Cassius--1.2.147-48 Cassius is attempting to convince Brutus that it is in their control what role they are going to play in Caeasrs murder.

Upon what meat doth our Caesar feed that he is grown so great?

Cassius 1.2.158-159 Cassius is manipulating Brutus and asking why Caeasr is so powerful and what Brutus is not

Let me have men about me that are fat

caesar 1.2.202 He is saying that he trusts fat men because they are full and not powerhungry

But for mine own part, it was greek to me

Casca 1.2.294-95 Casca says Cicero did speak, but Casca couldn't understand it because he was speaking Greek. Casca, not an orator himself, doesn't know Greek.

Cowards die many time before their deaths; The Vaillant never tastes death but once

Caesar 2.2. 34-35 He tells Calpurnia that those who run from their fears and never face them are dying metaphorical deaths becuase he does not want to seem to look like a coward in the eyes of the senate

Danger knows full well That Caesar is more dangerous than he. We are two lions littered in one day, and i elder and more terrble

caesar 2.2 47-50 caesar is saying he is more dangerous that then conspirators because he is wiser

Know: Caesar doth not wrong, without cause Will he be satisfied?

Caesar 3.1.52-53 Caesar knows he did nothing wrong and is asking if he will be satisfied by what the conspirators have to say to him at the capitol

Et tu Bruté? then fall Caesar

Casear--3.1.85 Julius Casears last words to Brtuts and how puzzled he is that his possibly own son would kill him

\[To Caesar's body] O mighty Caesar! Dost thou lie so low? Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils, Shrunk to this little measure?

Antony- 3.1. 164-66 anthony is talking to Casear dead body ans asking why he was killed

Thou art the ruins of the noblest man That ever livèd in the tide of times

Anthony-3.1. 282-83 Anthony is talking about how Casear is No longer flesh and blood, he stands for the breeching of the death in the eyes of the conspirators

Cry “Havoc!” and let slip the eyes of war

Anthony 3.1. 299 Anthony speaking about how he will get revenge but is malpating the conspiros

Romans, countrymen, and lovers, hear me for my cause.

Brutus--3.2.14-15 brutus wants to explain to the people his side of the story of why they killed caesar

Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears. I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him. The evil that men do lives after them; The good is oft interrèd with their bones —

Anthony 3.2.82-85 is starting his funeral speech and praises Casear fot all the good he did for his people. In rality, he malunpalting the people so that will be on his side

Ambition should be made of sterner stuff

Anthony\---3.2.101 Says casear was not that ambitious becuase wht he did was no signs of power hungry but for help of his people

O judgement, thou art fled to brutish beasts, and men have lost their reason!

Antony--3.2.82 Here in this line Antony directly addresses the judgment and states that people lost their judgments and have become like animals

This was the most unkindest cut of them all

Anthony\----3.2.195 It was wrong of them to kill Casear

There is a tide in the affairs of men, Which, taken at flood, leads on fortune

Brutus\---4.3.249-50 Brutus is saying that, yes the death of Casear is sad, but they did it for the people

O Julius Caesar, thou art mighty yet; Thy spirit walks aboard and turns our swords In our own proper Entails

Brutus-5.3.105-07 Brutus is dying and he is saying that he was wrong to kill Casear out of his own concern

This was the noblest Roman of them all….. His life was gentle and the elements SO mixed in him that nature might stand up And say to all the world “This was a man”

Antony\---- 5.7.74, 79-81 Anthony is saying Brutus was the only conspirator who acted for the good of Rome and honnorng him

soliloquy

a long speech give by a character while alone on stage to revel his or her private thoughts or intentions. (See pg 49, (2.1.10))

aside

a character’s quiet remark to the audience or another character that no one else on stage is suppose to hear.

Dramatic irony

when the audience knows something that the character does not. The irony builds suspense because the audience is waiting for the character to discover what they know

verbal irony

when a character says one thing but means the opposite.

tragedy

a play dealing with tragic events and having an unhappy ending, especially one concerning the downfall of the main character.

tragic hero

a literary character who makes a judgment error that inevitably leads to their destruction. They possess a tragic flaw, often hubris or excessive pride, and experience a reversal of fortune. This character is typical of noble birth and has a high social status, but their downfall is a result of their actions and decisions.

tragic flaw

In Shakespearean plays, a character trait leads to the downfall of the protagonist. It is a personal weakness or error in judgment that causes the character's tragic end. Examples include Macbeth's ambition, Othello's jealousy, and Hamlet's indecisiveness.

Catharsis

the process of releasing and thereby providing relief from strong or repressed emotions. The purification or purgation of emotions (especially pity and fear) primarily through art.

soliloquy

a long speech give by a character while alone on stage to revel his or her private thoughts or intentions. (See pg 49, (2.1.10))

aside

a character’s quiet remark to the audience or another character that no one else on stage is suppose to hear.

Dramatic irony

when the audience knows something that the character does not. The irony builds suspense because the audience is waiting for the character to discover what they know

verbal irony

when a character says one thing but means the opposite.

tragedy

a play dealing with tragic events and having an unhappy ending, especially one concerning the downfall of the main character.

tragic hero

a literary character who makes a judgment error that inevitably leads to their destruction. They possess a tragic flaw, often hubris or excessive pride, and experience a reversal of fortune. This character is typical of noble birth and has a high social status, but their downfall is a result of their actions and decisions.

tragic flaw

In Shakespearean plays, a character trait leads to the downfall of the protagonist. It is a personal weakness or error in judgment that causes the character's tragic end. Examples include Macbeth's ambition, Othello's jealousy, and Hamlet's indecisiveness.

Catharsis

the process of releasing and thereby providing relief from strong or repressed emotions. The purification or purgation of emotions (especially pity and fear) primarily through art.

Before drama, dancers performed myths to:

worship the gods, celebrate military victory, and mourn the dead

What where the charastics of an actor in drama plays?

1. all men
2. actors wore masks with megaphone

Why are Marullus and Flavius upset about the commoners not being at work?

The commoners are being hypocritical. The soldiers do not want Caesar as their king.

What is a pun?

Play on words

What does Caesar ask Antony to do during the race at the celebration?

touch his wife

What quote foreshadows events to come?

"Beware the ides of March"

What do Brutus and Cassius do during the celebration?

Cassius tries to convince Brutus to join the consipracy.

What causes the crowd to cheer three times?

Caesar denies the crown

Define soliloquy.

a speech given by a character alone on stage that reveals his thoughts and feelings aloud

What does Cassius reveal in his soliloquy in Act 1?

He will write letters to Brutus in different types of handwriting pretending to be people of Rome that respect Brutus.

Who tells the story of the offering of the crown?

Casca

Give two reasons Brutus must be a part of the conspiracy for it to work?

He is a well respected noble and it will take the blame off of Cassius so that he is not the only one killing Caesar.

Who is described as having a "lean and hungry look"?

Cassius

From the final scene of Act 1, give an example of the foreshadowing of bad things to come.

Unnatural occurrences of a man's hand on fire, hundred ghostly women seeing men on fire in the streets, owl

What is significant about the ides of March ?

The Soothsayer said beware the ides of March to Caesar in the first Act.

What is Brutus' inner conflict?

He loves Caesar but fears he will be a tyrant.

Why does Cicero say, "this disturbed sky/ Is not to walk in"?

He does not want to walk in the "storm" AKA participate in the "conspiracy".

What do Casca and Cassius think about the storm?

Casca thinks it is an omen of something bad to come. Cassius thinks that bad thing is Caesar.

What is the political behavior of the Roman people in the first Act?

Fickle and changeable because they once liked Pompey, but now that Caesar defeated Pompey, they like Caesar.

What is Cassius' motivation for killing Caesar?

Jealousy

What is Cassius' objective in Act 1?

To persuade Brutus to join the conspiracy?

When we see Brutus for the first time in Act 1, how does he act?

He acts like he is at war with himself. (He has an internal conflict)

Why does Mark Antony offer Caesar the crown three times?

To judge the crowds' reaction to Caesar being king.

What physical ailment does Caesar have?

The "falling sickness". AKA Epilepsy.

Who are Caesar's most loyal supporters in Rome?

The common people

Caesar's words "I rather tell thee what is to be feared/ than what I fear; for always I am Caesar" reveals the tragic flaw of.....?

Pride

When Casca describes Caesar as "very loathe to lay his fingers off [the crown]" we can infer...

Caesar hated not being able to touch the crown and wants to be king.

According to Brutus, why is it necessary that Caesar be killed?

Caesar will abuse power

Caesar is a dangerous king

What actions does Lucius perform that help the plot unfold?

Lucius lights a candle and lets a group of conspirators in

What is Brutus's internal conflict?

Brutus doesn't know if Caesar should die and if he should kill him

Why does Brutus disagree about taking an oath?

Cowards and men who are about to die take oaths

Why does Metellus think it would be a good idea to ask Cicero to join the conspiracy?

Cicero is older and deserves more respect

Why does Brutus say they should not ask Cicero to join the conspiracy?

Cicero doesn't want to go along with another person's plan

What does Brutus say about killing Marc Antony?

It would be bloody and take away from their original purpose

What reason does Cassius give for why Caesar might not come out of his house today?

Caesar is superstitious

By what method does Decius say he will use to get Caesar out of the house?

Decius flatters Caesar

Why is Portia worried about Brutus?

Brutus was acting edgy and strange

How does Portia prove her strength to Brutus?

Portia stabs herself in the thigh and bears the wound silently

Why does Calpurnia want Caesar to stay home?

Calpurnia had a dream and saw it as an omen

What was Calpurnia's dream?

Caesar's statue had blood pouring from it

People were happy he was dead

How does Decius interpret Calpurnia's dream?

Caesar will give new life to Rome

Caesar's blood was reviving

What arguments does Decius use to change Caesar's mind about going to the Capitol?

Everyone will think Caesar is a coward

What does Artemidorus plan to do?

Give Caesar a letter of warning about the danger

Why is Portia so nervous?

She suspects the conspiracy is wrong and worries about her husband

What does Portia want Lucius to do?

To check on Brutus and tell him she is fine

What does the soothsayer tell Portia?

He doesn't see anything happening to Brutus