African Intro Studies Exam 1

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133 Terms

1
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What is a “growth mindset”
A mindset where we integrate feedback and try to improve
2
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Is this class set up to be  “high structure” or “low structure” ?
 “High structure”  
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What is an archive?
An accumulation of historical records (the materials) or the physical place they are stored (the place)
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What kinds of information can be stored in an archive? 
Any time frame, organization, group, person, topic, etc.
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How large is Africa? (is it larger than the USA/ China/ Western Europe?) 
Africa covers ⅕ of the total land mass of the world. 
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How many countries are on the African continent?
54
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What is the newest African country?
South Sudan - 2011
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What were the 3 “Cs” used to justify colonization in Africa?
Christianity, commerce, civilization.
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Which European countries colonized Africa?
British, French, Portuguese, Germans, Belgians, Italians, Spanish 
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What was the rough time frame for European colonization in Africa?
1890 - 1960
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Name 3 different types of physical environments found in Africa
Tropical, semidesert, and grasslands.
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What is the wettest, lowest-lying area of the African continent?
 Congo Basin
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Where can you find a Mediterranean climate on the African continent?
South Africa.
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What bisects the African continent?
The Equator
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Name 3 academic disciplines that study the “every day”
  Sociology, folklore studies, and social histories.
16
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Provide 3 examples of celebrations or rites of passage discussed in our textbook
Coming-of-age ceremonies, hair-cutting ceremonies for a newborn baby, and weddings.
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What discipline is being presented in Chapter 23 (Meeting Up at the Movies in Tanzania)?
Attempting to keep Africans out of cities, which varied in different countries
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What type of foreign films were most popular in Zanzibar? 
Indian films were the most popular movies in Zanzibar.   
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When Tanzanians went on a date at the moies, what did that look like?
It meant that people would go to the same theater, but not sit next to each other.
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Who went to movies in Zanzibar? 
Urban Tanzanians, boys, girls, teens, men, and women.
21
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What is a fossil? 
A fossil is mineralized remains of past life 
22
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What do paleoanthropologists study?
The origin of humans and history that’s been left behind 
23
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Across the continent, does Africa have a low or high population, overall? 
Low population overall. 
24
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Name 2 major differences between apes and humans
Humans are different from apes in terms of their brain size and reliance on material culture, teeth size smaller, and manipulative hands.
25
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Name 3 countries that make up the East African Rift Valley
Tanzania, Mozambique, Zambia
26
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Are fossils evenly distributed on the African continent? 
No, only in dry rural areas/ such as eastern and southern Africa

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27
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What kinds of conditions allow for fossils to be preserved?
Erosion conditions and basins with sediments
28
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Which countries participated in the colonization of Africa? (there are 7)
Answer: France, Britain, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Italy
29
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What two languages were spoken in the Journal Rappe in Senegal?
French and Wolof
30
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What is the definition of edutainment ?
A balance between education and entertainment
31
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Why was Journal Rappé created?
To make create Edutainment for younger listeners but also for those who many not have  access to traditional news
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What are examples of raw materials being extracted from africa?
gold, ivory, rubber, and the extraction of people for slavery
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Who is Charles Darwin?
He identified human ancestry to apes.
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What are fossils?
biological materials replaced by minerals, mostly bones and teeth. Mineralized remains of past life. 
35
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Is there a low or high population in Africa?
Low/Sparsely Populated
36
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What was the village affected by the dam 
Karima 
37
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What is the location of the film “the dam” 
The film was made in Sudan but the actual location of the dam is in the Nubian desert 
38
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How do we define “everyday life”?:
“The ordinary and extraordinary aspects of lived experiences and daily practices that provide valuable insight into broader social issues.”
39
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What are some examples of celebrations and rites of passages?
Weddings, births, coming-of-age ceremonies, funerals
40
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What country colonized Niger? 
France
41
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Although there are many religions in Egypt, about 90% of the population is what religion?
Islam
42
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List three or more elements of Ramadan that involve food or fasting?
**Dates, Water and Cold Drinks served after a day long of fasting** 
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\-What are some similarities between Egyptian feasts and celebrations and American ones?
They paint eggs, Families get together to eat ,The feasts/holidays repeat year after year
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98% of Nigerians are what religion?
Muslim
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What are some of the things Nigerians do on New Year’s?
youth set off fireworks, hip hop dance parties, gift exchanges, rich house parties, elaborate dinners 
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How many Africans were taken from the continent during the Atlantic Slave Trade? 
12 million
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What is the “Iberian Peninsula”
A mountainous region that's most associated with the countries of Spain and Portugal.
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What were the time periods when Spain and Portugal were more active on the African continent?
1583-1663
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In what region and country did the Queen of Sheba rule?
Ethiopia and egypt 
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Was Njinga the first female leader? Did she set a precedent for other female leaders in that area of Angola?
Yes and Njinga's leadership set a precedent for other female leaders in the region, and she remains an important figure in Angolan history and culture. Her legacy has inspired generations of Angolans and continues to be celebrated in the country today.
51
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Name three ways that Njinga refused and transgressed gender norms during her time period.
 1. Military leadership 

2. Politically leadership

3\. Had many husbands and dressed as her *wives/ Crossdressing*

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There is a large written record about Njinga in European documents. Why?
Her interactions with the Portuguese, who were attempting to establish control over the region at the time. The Portuguese were keen to document their encounters with local rulers
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Who did Sheba go and meet in Jerusalem?
King Solomon
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What is the location of the Hausa state, where Amina lived?

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Nigeria 
55
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What was the location of where Queen Nzinga ruled?
Angola
56
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What was the time period when Queen Nzinga was alive?
16th and 17th century 
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Name two European powers Queen Nzinga had to negotiate with?
Portugal and the Dutch
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What was the major trade that involved Europeans and Africans in that area of the continent at that time period? 
Atlantic Slave Trade
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What religion did Queen Nzinga convert to?
Christianity
60
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What percentage of the world’s mineral reserves are in Africa?
30% of the world’s mineral reserves in Africa 
61
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What percentage of the world’s oil reserves are in Africa?
12% of the world’s oil reserves are in Africa
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What percentage of the world’s natural gas is in Africa?
8% of the world’s natural gas is in Africa
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What does the acronym “MNCs” refer to?
Multinational corporations
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In the short video shown during the presentation, the tension was between offshore oil drilling and what local industry?
The oil rig attracts the fish, but the fishermen aren’t allowed to get close enough to catch those fish, causing the fishermen to not have enough
65
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In the local fishing industry in Ghana, what is the gendered division of labor
**Men fish in the canoes, and women sell the fish** 
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Define the word “hegemonic”
Ruling or dominant in a political or social context
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The fossil fuel industry is a driving force for the economic development of oil-rich nations. But what are the risks associated with this industry?
Oil is a limited resource, once it runs out the countries will have to figure out another revenue stream
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How do the authors define the phrase “hegemonic globalization”?
Processes by which dominant groups remain dominant over ideological, political, and economic institutions or behaviors.
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What is a CBO?
Community based organization
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What country does the Terrewode Organization and the Terrewode Hospital operate in? 
Uganda
71
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What is the medical/physiological cause of an obstetric fistula developing?
it is caused by **prolonged, obstructed labour without access** to timely, high-quality medical treatment.
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What are the 4 delays that can lead to fistulas developing?
* **women delay seeking care/leaving home,**


* **delay getting to clinic,**
* **delay in getting appropriate care in the facility,**
* **delay in getting care for fistula**
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What is obstetric fistula?
A hole between the uterus and/or the bladder and rectum in the birth canal that is caused by obstructed labor 
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What is the major symptom for women who have untreated, or unsuccessfully treated, fistula?
The major symptom is urine leaking.
75
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What does “NGO” stand for?
Non-governmental Organization 
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What were some of the barriers women faced to receiving follow up care?
Poverty, transportation, doctors not being available, lack of money, etc.
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In what region of Africa is Nigeria?
Western Africa
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Which European country colonized Nigeria?
British Empire/Great Britain
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What did the colonial government believe was causing the increase in juvenile delinquency in Lagos, Nigeria?
The breakdown of “traditional” family homes and institutions.
80
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What were the Boys' Clubs? What were their goals?
Multisports facilities equipped with table tennis, cricket, football, and more. The goal was to teach confidence, discipline, courage, and “character.”
81
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Who participated in the Boys' Clubs and what activities did they do?
The participants were boys from all levels of society and Nigerians from all walks of life. What they did was do activities, such as boxing and table tennis. They also discussed things like women, dating, and politics.
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What group of people does the acronym PWD refer to?
Person with Disabilites
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What are two different (negative) moral explanations that people in Ghana often use to explain disability?
The first is that it’s considered to be a punishment from a deity for sins committed by them or a relative. The second is that disability is an aberration in nature’s creation.

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What were two un-conventional/surprising leisure activities that people with disabilities engaged in?
People with visual impairments watched TV and people with physical impairments played soccer.
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 What are "fun clubs" or "leisure clubs"?
Places that provide opportunities for PWDs to come together and do fun activities
86
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What does she mean when she refers to the “single story”?
a narrative that only presents one perspective, repeated again and again. 
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What are some of the things her roommate assumed about her, before meeting her?
She listened to tribal music and didn’t know how to use the stove
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Who is Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie?
 is a writer and storyteller, best known for her themes of politics, culture, race, and gender.
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What country is Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie from?
Nigeria
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What is the single story she identifies about Africa?
 The single story is that there was no way for Africans to be similar to her roommate, as well as just simply feeling pity and not being able to connect as human equals.
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What is a C-section?
An abdominal surgery to safely deliver a baby.
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During the colonial era in Kenya, what language was imposed as the official language? What language was the national language?
English was imposed as the official language and Swahili was use more commonly and became the national language.
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Besides the two major languages, how many other languages are spoken throughout Kenya?
40+ additional languages, close to 60 
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 What is “code switching” or “code mixing”?
Different languages are mixed in the same word or utterance
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This chapter is written by a linguist. What kinds of things to linguists pay attention to? (List at least 3)
Study words and sounds of a language, variations within a language, sentences, changes in the use of language, attitudes that speakers have toward a variety of language 
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What is “sheng”? 
The slang version of Swahili 
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What is some of the appeal for why people (especially youth) may want to use sheng?
It is a better way for younger people to express themselves, it has the ability to manipulate meanings of existing words. 
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What is “genge” and what does it have to do with sheng in Kenya?
It is used to describe a variety of hip-hop music in Nairobi contorting “gang”, genge uses sheng for its language. 
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What is the connection between sheng and poetry? 
Sheng in poetry makes it appealing to Nairobi youth, the people who identify with all things Sheng. It is a voice that affords young people a chance to express their views on issues that they care about. 

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What do the authors say frequently happens on long, crowded, bus rides in East Africa?
Talk to each other, share stories, commiserate