chapter 9: cardiovascular system med term

angi/o

vessel

aort/o

aorta

arteri/o

artery

ather/o

fatty (lipid) paste

atri/o

atrium

cardi/o

heart

coron/o

circle or crown

my/o

muscle

pector/o

chest

phleb/o

vein

sphygm/o

pulse

steth/o

chest

thromb/o

clot

varic/o

swollen, twisted vein

vas/o

vessel

vascul/o

vessel

ven/o

vein

ventricul/o

ventricle (belly or pouch)

atrium

upper right or left chamber of the heart

endocardium

membrane lining the cavities of the heart

epicardium

membrane forming the outer layer of the heart

interatrial septum

partition between the right and left atria

interventricular septum

partition between the right and left ventricles

myocardium

heart muscle

pericardium

protective sac enclosing the heart composed of two layers with fluid between

visceral pericardium

layer of pericardial sac closest to the heart (visceral= pertaining to organ)

parietal pericardium

outer layer (parietal= pertaining to wall)

pericardial cavity

fluid-filled cavity between the pericardial layers

ventricle

lower right or left chamber of the heart

heart valves

structures within the heart that open and close with the heartbeat to regulate the one-way flow of blood

aortic valve

heart valve between the left ventricle and the aorta

mitral valve

heart valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle (cuspis=point); also called the bicuspid valve

bicuspid valve

heart valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle (cuspis=point); also called the mitral valve

pulmonary valve

heart valve opening from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery (luna=moon); also called the pulmonary semilunar valve

tricuspid valve

valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle

valves of the veins

valved located at intervals within the lining of veins, especially in the legs, with constricts with muscle action to move the blood returning to the heart

arteries

vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the arterioles

aorta

large artery that is the main trunk of the arterial system branching from the left ventricle

arterioles

small vessels that receive blood from the arteries

capillaries

tiny vessels that join arterioles and venules

venules

small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins

veins

vessels that carry blood to the heart from the venules

systemic circulation

circulation of blood throughout the body via arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins to deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissues

coronary circulation

circulation of blood though the coronary blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle tissue

pulmonary circulation

circulation of blood from the pulmonary artery through the vessels in the lungs and back ot the heart via the pulmonary vein, providing exchange of gases

blood pressure (BP)

measure of the blood within the systemic arteries maintained by the force and rate of the heartbeat and the diameter and elasticity of arterial walls; measured with a sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) for diagnostic purposes

diastole

to expand; period during the cardiac cycle (complete heart beat) when blood enters the relaxed ventricles from the atria

normotension

normal blood pressure

hypotension

low blood pressure

hypertension (HTN)

high blood pressure

sinoatrial (SA) node

the pacemaker; highly specialized, neurologic tissue embedded in the wall of the right atrium; responsible for initiating electrical conduction of the heartbeat, causing the atria to contract and firing conduction of impulses to the atrioventricular (AV) node

atrioventricular (AV) node

neurologic tissue in the center of the heart that receives and amplifies the conduction of impulses from the SA node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)

atrioventricular (AV) bundle

neurologic fibers extending from the AV node to the right and left bundle branches that fire impulses from the AV node to the Purkinje fibers; also called bundle of His

bundle of His

neurologic fibers extending from the AV node to the right and left bundle branches that fire impulses from the AV node to the Purkinje fibers; also called atrioventricular (AV) bundle

purkinje fibers

fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles, causing them to contract

polarization

resting; resting state of a myocardial cell

depolarization

change of the myocardial cell from polarized (resting) state to a state of contraction (de=not; polarization=resting)

repolarization

recharging of the myocardial cell from a contracted state back to a resting state (re=again; polarization=resting)

normal sinus rhythm (NSR)

regular rhythm of the heart cycle stimulated by the SA node (average rate of 60-100 beats/minute)