HPRS 1206 - Chapter 9

valvul/o

valve

atri.o

atrium (upper chamber)

sept/o

septum

ventricul/o

ventricle (lower chamber)

cardi/o, coron/o

heart

angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o

vessel

aort/o

aorta

arteri/o

artery

ather/o

fatty plaque

phleb/o, ven/o

vein

angina pectoris

oppressive pain in the chest caused by irregular blood flow to the heart

arrythmia

irregular heart beat

dysrhythmia

abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia is more common)

palpitation

rapid or irregular beating of the heart

pectoralgia

chest pain

aortalgia

pain in the aorta

diaphoresis

profuse sweating

hemorrhage

excessive bleeding

phlebalgia

pain in a vein

endocardium

tissue lining the inside of the heart

epicardium

tissue lining the outside of the heart

myocardium

heart muscle tissue

pericardium

tissue around the heart

bradycardia

slow heart rate

cardiomegaly

enlarged heart

cyanosis

a bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood.

murmur

abnormal heart sound

tachycardia

fast heart rate

vena cava

large-diameter vein that gathers blood from the body and returns it to the heart

inferior vena cava

portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the lower portion of the body

superior vena cava

portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the upper portion of the body (head and arms)

angiogenesis

development of new blood vessels

angiolith

stone forming in the wall of a blood vessel

angiopoiesis

formation of blood vessels

angiosclerosis

hardening of a vessel

aortectasia

dilation of the aorta

aortic stenosis

narrowing of the aorta

aortolith

stone deposit in the wall of the aorta

arteriolith

stone in the artery

arteriorrhexis

rupture of an artery

arteriosclerosis

hardening of the arteries

atherogenesis

formation of fatty plaque on the wall of an artery

artherosclerosis

Hardening of the arteries due to fatty plaque on their walls.

embolism

blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus

embolus

mass of matter present in the blood

ischemia

blockage of blood flow to an organ

occlusion

closing or blockage of a passage

phlebosclerosis

hardening of a vein

thrombus

blood clot

varicose veins

an enlarged, dilated vein toward the surface of the skin

vasospasm

involuntary contraction of a blood vessel

venosclerosis

hardening of a vein

venospasm

involuntary contraction of a vein

venostasis

trapping of blood in an extremity due to compression

cardiac catheterization

process of inserting a tube (catheter) into the heart

echocardiogram

image of the heart produced using sound waves; the same procedure as an ultrasound performed on pregnant women, but instead it is performed on a heart

echocardiography

use of sound waves to produce an image of the heart

electrocardiogram

record of the electrical currents of the heart

electrocardiography

procedure for recording the electrical currents of the heart

transesophageal echocardiogram

record of the heart using sound waves performed by inserting the transducer into the esophagus

vascular endoscopy

procedure to look inside a blood vessel

diastolic pressure

pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is relaxed

systolic pressure

pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is contracting

cardiotoxic

poisonous to the heart

angiocarditis

inflammation of the heart vessels

atrial fibrillation

quivering or spontaneous contraction of muscle fibers in the heart's atrium

atrial septal defect (ASD)

flaw in the septum that divides the two atria of the heart

cardiac arrest

cessation of heart activity

cardiomyopathy

disease of the heart muscle

congestive cardiomyopathy

heart cavity is unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive) and becomes stretched (dilated), which causes weak/slow pumping of blood

dilated cardiomyopathy

another term for congestive cardiomyopathy

hypertonic cardiomyopathy

heart muscle becomes enlarged and blocks blood flow

restrictive cardiomyopathy

heart muscle hardens, restricting the expansion of the heart, thus limiting the amount of blood it can pump to the rest of the body

carditis

inflammation of the heart

congenital heart defect

flaw in the structure of the heart present at birth

congestive heart failure (CHF)

heart failure characterized by the heart cavity being unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive)

coronary thrombosis

obstruction of a coronary artery by a clot

endocarditis

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

myocardial infarction (MI)

death of the heart muscle tissue; heart attack

myocardial ischemia

blockage of blood to the heart muscle

myocarditis

inflammation of the heart muscle

pericardial effusion

fluid pouring out into the tissue around the heart

pericarditis

inflammation of the tissue around the heart

valvulitis

inflammation of a heart valve

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

flaw in the septum that divides the two ventricles of the heart

aneurysm

bulge in a blood vessel

angioedema

swelling of the blood vessels

angioma

blood vessel tumor

aortic aneurysm

bulging or swelling of the aorta

aortic regurgitation

flow of blood backward from the aorta into the heart; caused by a weak heart valve

aortitis

inflammation of the aorta

arteriopathy

disease of the arteries

arteritis

inflammation of an artery

deep vein thrombosis

formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the leg

hypertension

high blood pressure

hypotension

low blood pressure

normotension

normal blood pressure

phlebitis

inflammation of a vein

phlebostenosis

narrowing of a vein

thrombophlebitis

inflammation of a vein caused by a clot