Public Speaking Final Exam

One goal of a speech of introduction is to_______

gives the listeners relevant information about the speaker

Miguel concluded his speech by saying "Now that you know more about the danger our wildlife is in, take five minutes next week to go and vote on this issue." What is the purpose of his conclusion?

making a final appeal

which goal relies heavily on both informative and persuasive strategies, as well as entertaining strategies?

creating a positive or negative feeling

Mollie told the board members that she was honored to introduce Carson as the new executive vice president of marketing where she knew he would develop new ideas and take the company far". What type of speech did Mollie give?

Testimonial

Earl explained what he meant by effective welfare reform by stating, "Welfare reform can only be considered effective when at least 40 percent of the adults currently on welfare are employed in full-time jobs that pay minimum wage or better." In this case, Earl was offering his audience a(n) __________.

Operational

In the preparation outline, the topic, general purpose, specific purpose statement, and thesis should all appear together _____

Above the outline

Which element in a presentation outline is represented by the notation, "show visual aid #2 now"?

stage direction

Chocolate is high in fat, but full of nutrition, and can be considered healthy. This statement would not make a good main idea because it lacks_______

discreteness

What is an example of a properly written main point for a preparation outline?

The best way to train your puppy is by starting early

Which font is preferred for headlines when creating a slide?

sans serif

In her conclusion, Lori said, "Today we've learned that we all must take precautions against food-borne diseases. The prime candidates are E. coli, botulism, and salmonella. Your care in cooking and storing food could make the difference between a healthy diet or a poisonous one."

signaling that the end is coming

Explicit references to the audience, inclusive language, and a clear organizational pattern are all strategies for encouraging _______

reinforcement

Duke's speech about smoking covered these main ideas:
I. Smoking is a health hazard.
II. Smoking can cause cancer.
III. Smoking can cause death.
Since cancer is a health hazard, these main points are not ________

Discrete

When Drew gave the toast at the wedding reception, he failed to notice the shocked looks as he told some off-color stories about the couple. What quality of decorum did Drew violate?

the speech was too informal for the occasion

Kendrik's presentation outline looks like this:
I. Living in a small town is fun when you are young.
A. I lived in a small town until I was 21.
B. I had four good friends when I was younger.
C. I played three sports all through high school.
What is wrong with this outline?

It is not parallel

Manuel knew his speech was successful when several audience members came up to him and said, "I never thought about it like that before." What was Manuel's informative purpose?

Agenda setting

A speaker should prepare a conclusion the same way he or she prepares the introduction by __________

writing out key phrases

The introduction previews how you will develop the topic in the body of the speech; classical theorists refer to this step as the __________

rhetoric

Consider the following main points:
I. Capital punishment is unconstitutional.
II. Capital punishment is an ineffective deterrent.
III. Capital punishment is discriminatory.
IV. Capital punishment is a just punishment.
Three are arguments against capital punishment, and one is an argument in favor of capital punishment. What problem does this reflect?

balance

The two basic components of organization are __________.

selection and arrangement

Tamir knows that most of his audience generally understands what the Jazz Age was but he wants to let them know it was more than just music. Tamir is creating a __________ for his audience.

audience

Bethany started her speech by saying "At least half of you will leave here today with more money in your pocket." What purpose does her introduction serve?

gaining audience attention

Natalie told her audience about the timeline of events as she helped build a house with Habitat for Humanity. Which organizational pattern did she use?

chronological

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Hassan's speech proposed that raising money to fix the poor condition of local roads could be addressed by putting a referendum on the ballot at the next election. The most appropriate organizational pattern for this speech is __________.

problem-solution

What should you do if the audience provides negative feedback on your inferences during the speech?

modify your speech as you are delivering it to support the inferences

when speaking to a large audience of listeners who are all seated at the same level on the floor, you should display your visual aids __________.

above the level of your head

Carrie is creating an outline for her speech on the importance of voting. In which part of the outline would she include the action she wants her audience to take-registering to vote?

the conclusion

Sun-Yun told his audience about the amazing rusty-red color of the mountains and the prickly leaves on the cactus that he saw on his trip through Arizona. Which strategy did he use?

describing

Which strategy encourages information retention during an informative speech?

reinforcement

When using computer-generated visual aids, which basic design principle is easy to ignore?

simplicity

When you arrange your speech according to the process of elimination, your organizational pattern is __________.

residues

Which example best demonstrates the informative strategy of defining?

the speaker clarifies the concept of affirmative action

Selective influence can be prompted by which two conditions?

boomerang effect and polysemy

Which organizational pattern should Nala use if she wants to explain the development of the Women's Rights movement from its inception until today?

chronological

What did Karla mean when she said the language of Jessica's speech was equivocal?

It had multiple meanings

Whenever possible, transitions should relate ideas to each other using a ____________, a repeated pattern that may take the link more memorable

parallel structure

what is a criticism to Alan H. Monroe's motivated sequence?

Different listeners may follow the steps toward persuasion in a different order

What is a good rule to follow about stylistic devices when trying to improve your speaking style?

Ruthlessly remove any stylistic devices that do not seem to work during practice

when you rely on the information or opinions of others to support your claims, you are using reasoning by _________

testimony

Which outline is used as a memory aid during the speech?

presentation

After listening to the financial investment presentation, Tina felt like she had the knowledge to save enough money to buy a house. What was the informative purpose of this presentation?

creating a positive or negative feeling

A condensation symbol is a device for creating________

purposeful ambiguity

Shondra's speech will help her audience learn how to paint a rose garden. What strategy should she use?

informative

Marietta wants to help her audience understand how the new traffic pattern will work so she creates a simple sketch that shows how the cars will flow. What type of visual aid is she using?

a diagram

Subheadings are used to support the ________of a speech

main ideas

What is the purpose of a statistical chart?

to simplify complex information

Geoff displayed a photograph of a cathedral during his presentation on architecture. This photo is a type of _______

visual aid

James spoke at a groundbreaking ceremony about the pride the new building would bring to the community. Many audience members nodded their head in argument. Their argument is an example of __________

resonance

Many people know that gas price keep increasing but kirk wants to let his audience know how negotiations with the Middle East have played a part in this increase. His purpose is to _________

provide a new perspective

The women's suffrage movement in the 1920s is an example of a persuasive strategy with the purpose of ________

conversion

In an attempt to add vividness to his speech, Victor claimed that opponents of the administration's policies were "just a bunch of braying, belligerent bullies." What stylistic device was he using?

alliteration

Reflexivity refers to the tendency of speakers to _________ more than writers do.

refer to themselves and to the audience

John gave an account of his trip to North Carolina to help Hurricane Florence victims. He wanted to convey, in vivid detail, the conditions faced by those victims. His best choice of strategy to achieve this was ______

describing

According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model, listeners who elaborate more will be more persuaded by _________

evidence and arguments that support the speaker's thesis

In a speech for restricting alcohol sales, Narna argues that the United States would have fewer deaths related to alcohol if it made it harder to purchase because India has few alcohol-related deaths and more restrictions on purchases. What type of reasoning is Narna using?

analogy

When Jerry argued that the rise in teen pregnancy over the past twenty years is a direct result of sex education in the primary schools, he was using what type of casual reasoning?

assignment of responsibility

A hostile audience is best persuaded through which persuasive strategy?

weakening commitment

use of words whose sounds resemble what they describe

onomatopoeia

the pairing of opposites within a speech, often to suggest a choice between them

antithesis

repetitive consonant sound

alliteration

Wilson wanted to illustrate for his high school listeners the set of interrelated questions that one should consider when selecting a college major. Which type of visual aid would serve him best?

flow chart

Wanda wanted to use a visual aid to show the series of choices one should make when selecting an investment strategy. Which type of visual aid would serve her best?

flow chart

Brittney wants to show how the rate of traffic accidents changes for drivers as they advance in age. Which type of visual aid would best represent this information?

line graph

Hobart wants to list the benefits of a new health care plan alongside the costs of such a plan. Which type of visual aid should he use to display this information?

columnar chart

spatial order arranges them according to place or position

spatial

each main idea you identified become major division of the speech

topical

Reasoning by sign occurs when a speaker __________.

shows that when one thing stands for another, one can infer the existence of what it stands for

What is an example of a loaded question that a listener might ask of a speaker?

Have you stopped pouring toxic waste into the waterway?

One way to identify the principle of coordination within an outline is to look for __________.

one idea indented below another idea

When his professor shared some ideas to improve memorization, Jon decided it didn't matter what he did because his memory was terrible and just scribbled in his notebook. This is an example of __________.

the boomerang effect

What is a strategy for providing neutral definitions?

relying on the connotation of keywords

What is an internal summary?

a statement in the body of a speech that reminds listeners what they have just heard

How should you show subordination among points in a preparation outline?

indent them below the main point

Taka told her listeners that when her car wouldn't start, all she could hear was a distinct, "click, click, click" when she turned the key. What is Taka using to create vividness?

onomatopoeia

Magda attended a two-day celebration of campus diversity. She decided to make this event the topic of her upcoming informative speech. Which informative strategy is she most likely to use?

reporting

The audience was confused when Josh's speech talked about the importance of recycling plastic containers, the out-of-control forest fires in the Northwest United States, and three ways to cut grocery costs. Josh's main points seem to lack __________.

coherence

Subheadings are used to support the __________ of a speech.

main ideas

Michael's speech about the similarities and differences between Olympic hockey rules and U.S. hockey rules is best addressed using a __________ organizational pattern.

comparison and contrast

Wilson wants to illustrate the set of interrelated questions that one should consider when selecting a college major. Which type of visual aid would serve him best?

a flowchart

\n Rhetorical proof is established by __________.

the interaction between the speaker’s and audience’s reasoning.

The news reporter told the audience that global warming had increased temperatures in the Midwest, brought more rain to the South, and created drought conditions in the West. Which organizational pattern did this news reporter use?

spatial

Which type of speech of tribute always employs humor?

roast

Parallel wording and repetition are two devices a speaker can use to create __________ within a speech.

rhythm

In a speech about the global economy, Samar said, "It should be clear from my first point that every nation relies on foreign trade for its economic strength." This statement is __________.

an internal summary

What are the two types of analogy?

literal and figurative

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Shelly's outline contains three main points. Under each of these points, she has indented one supporting idea. What is the relationship between Shelly's points and supporting ideas?

subordination

Identifying with the audience is a type of introduction that involves __________.

referring to experiences and values shared by the speaker and audience.

Molly helped her audience follow along with her speech when she said, "The main reason we should have our own vegetable gardens is . . ." and "There are also two other reasons having our own garden is important . . ." What device is she using?

internal preview

The two basic requirements for effective style in all speaking situations are __________.

accuracy and appropriateness

\n Bill wants his classmates who complain about a lack of activities at the university to join student government and the student activity board. His persuasive strategy is __________.

inducing a specific action

\n Exposing listeners' inconsistencies is a good way to combat the resistance strategy of __________

compartmentalization

\n A(n) __________ is a testimonial speech that honors the dead by celebrating the essential character of the person.

eulogy

\n The spokesperson for the politician didn't want to bring attention to his recent lawsuit so she told the crowd of journalists that the politician intended to vote against the upcoming tax hike. This type of inference is known as a(n) __________.

red herring

\n Colleen is determining the primacy and recency effect of her main ideas. What question is she answering?

should my strongest ideas comes first or last in my speech?

\n If a case is inferred to be typical and there is nothing unusual about it, the case is referred to as a(n) __________.

representative example

What are the two most common organizational patterns for persuasive speeches?

problem-solution and motivated sequence

Incorporating a narrative into a speech is a way to use which informative strategy?

storytelling

What is a potential drawback of using objects as visual aids?

the object may be too small, too big, or too difficult to handle

Herbert wants to inform his audience about the three main Middle Eastern religions: Islam, Judaism, and Christianity. What organizational pattern is best suited to this topic?

categorical

\n Thomas knows that his audience members are aware of the tax referendum and he wants his speech to help them understand why it is important for the community schools. What is the purpose of his persuasive strategy?

strengthen commitment