GEOG202 final '23 UMD

all human activity exists through dimensions of both\_______

space and time

Which of the following are conceptualized by human geographers as a mixture of history, spatial relations, and sociality

places

many human geographers use the concept of\________ with space defined as through relationships of human phenomena

relative space

\_________ human geography offers insights into why the worlds economy produces inequalities of wealth in different places while\________ human geography considers the physical social and emotional surroundings of people

Marxist, Humanist

knowledge is always a partial and limited thing any knowledge -

true even sci knowledge is a limited representation of reality

globalization is about the emergence or not of

an integrated human society on earth true

the idea that processes linking people in different geographic locations are now characterized by an increasing range, speed, and intensity of interconnections is called

time space compression

which scholar proposed world systems theory and argued that the world be divided into cores areas (wealthy countries) and peripheral areas (less-developed countries)

Immanuel Wallerstien

which of the following terms refers to the way a good or services is made in a sequence with value being added at each sage of the process

global commodity chain

which of the following terms refers to the way that geographical factors and spatial relationships shape international politics

traditional geopolitics

which of the following terms refers to the ay a good or services is made in a sequence with value being added at each stage of the process

global commodity chain

early conceptualizations of development focused almost exclusively on

economic factors

which of the following is a general umbrella term for all of the conditions that influence human beings and the societies in which they live

environment

human geographers have found that a clear distinction exists between what constitutes nature and

false: what is considered to be a part of human society

what counts as environmental degradation is often subjective in that it

true depends on some pre-existing human view of what a given environment should look like

the dominant view of sustainable development among many governments and financial intuitions hold that

maintaining an environmental that serves economics needs is the priority

economic growth and the environment have complementary benefits.

Davis emphasizes that urbanization must be conceptualized as a processes occurring along an "urban-rural continumm" in which

Rural and urban boundaries are increasingly blurred

rural areas urbanizes in situ as cities expand along transportation corridors

In the third world there are now examples of labor scarcity in __areas and high unemployment in __

rural, cities

IMF and World Bank Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) of the 1980s contributes to rural-urban migration and urban poverty by promoting

Deregulation of Agricultural market

which of the following are characteristic of slums

poor access to municipal services, such as utilities and transportation

Rapid growth relative to overall unban growth

illegal or informal land market

Davis predicts that much of the urban world of the future will

true squat in squalor, surrounded by pollution, excrement and decay.

from Davis' description of slums, it can be inferred that slum research is challenging due to (select all that apply):

National government disguising their poor and slum population through misleading statistics

the evolving definition of slums that at one point encompassed moral dimensions that are difficult to measure

according to davis, not all slum dwellers are poor and

not all urban poor live in slums true

which of the following are the two main classifications in davis' slum typology:

metro core, periphery

the primary function of a peri-urban area (also known as the urban edge is to house

slum-dwellers evicted from the city center

farm laborers explelled from the countryside

refugees and internally displaced people escaping conflict

hand me down housing is more common than

false tenements and purpose-built rental housing

today megacities of the global south share a common trajectory of explosive growth prior to the

false 1950s 1960s

as described by Davis governments pledged various state interventions to combat slum expansions and urban marginality. These promises tended to include

guaranteed public-sector job

free universal health care and education

relocation to new low cost housing

rent subsidies and more low-cost housing stock

the postcolonial state has upheld most of its originals

false promises to the urban poor

which term does Davis use to refer to policy manipulation, wherein housing and land reserved for the poor is acquired by urban elites and the middle classes

poaching

Davis argues that colonial regulations contributed to which of the following

relatively low urban growth prior to the 50s

according to davis a number of scholars criticized the world banks approach to urban development these critiques included

many self help housing loans turned out to be unaffordable for the poor

world banks project often benefited the middle class rather than those most is needed

incremental housing resulted in either high unit prices for construction materials or poor quality material

Many successful Work Bank Housing Projects included support for

false employment creation and the expansion of public transit

NGO Revolution

NGOs as the true beneficiaries of their own activities, rather than the local ppl they claim to help

the appropriation of local leadership and decision making by people with no roots in slum communities

urban social movements becoming increasingly bureaucratized and deradicalized

Tenure security via titling mitigates social differences in the slum and aids landlords,

false the actual majority of the poor in many cities

Davis argues that landlordism and property speculation:

are indirect outcomes of SAPs

Often involve wide profit margins especially in the case of slum housing

The ongoing spatial patterns of land use and overcrowding in slums are

rooted in the legacy of imperial control and racism true

Which of the following motivations contribute to state sponsored slum eviction and slum clearance

removing unsightly informal settlements from view before hosting international events

maximize profits for land owners and foreign investors

eliminate centers of potential resistance

Davis argues that Marxist and socialist governments protect against forced evictions of slum communities unlike

false govts of free market econs in the west

street vendors and informal entrepreneurs who locate in city centers are acting as

rational economic actors

elaborate security and fortified boundaries of exclusive, closed suburbs and gated communities on the periphery of third world cities symbolize

an architecture of fear

for slum dwellers and squatters, housing decisions often involve balancing _ safety and public _ against security from eviction.

physical, health

Davis characterizes landslides, floods, and earthquakes as artificial hazards

false

the growing use of private automobiles in cities of developing countries

reinforces the declining quality of public transit

is an outcome of development agencies preference to finance roads rather than rails

contributes to the health risk and high economy costs associated with air pollution, road deaths, and traffic injuries

According to Davis, the global sanitation crisis

demonstrates the vast inequality that exists between the poor and the elite

places a particularly heavy burden on women and girls

nearly half of the population in the global south is suffering from a disease related to

lack of clean eater or sanitation true

large speculative investments have been made in _ modernization and transportation infrastructure

IT ag

the economic legacy of SAPs in Africa

drastic cutback sin urban public services, capital flight, steel decline in real wages

the food riot as a means of popular protest is

a common feature of market societies

the Washington consensus promotes a world in which

the elimination of govt subsidies devastates rural farmers, repaying debts to foreign banks takes precedence over the needs of the poor, public sector firms are downsized or privatized

Davis claims that political upheaval occurred in cities and regions that

experienced the sharpest increases in inequality

Davis argues that economic informality has increase with a vengeance since

1980

Informal activity tends to promote upward mobility allowing urban slum dwellers to

false escape from poverty

informal economics activity facilitates the worldwide exploitation of children, the largest sector of child labor being

domestic service

informal employment is by definition the abscence of

formal employment contracts, legal rights, bargaining power

As described by Davis the conditions that have contributed at least in part to the rise of children witches in Kinshasa include

the collapse of the formal economy and state institution, dramatic loss of public sector and civil service employment, spread of Pentecostalism

Which of the following terms refers to the decline of industries and their gradual disappearance from regions and other localities

deindustrialization

The spatial concentration of firms and industries within regions is referred to as

agglomeration

The kind of formal knowledge that you can find in a manual or textbook is referred to as \_____ while the types of knowledge that relies on direct experience is referred to as \_______

Codified Knowledge, tacit knowledge

The idea that is possible to renew cities that have experienced deindustrialization , derelict buildings, population decline, environmental degradation ,and decaying frustrated referred to as

Urban Regeneration

Human geography is interested in the ways industries industrial clusters, and individual firms remain aloof and far removed from the socio-cultural context of specific places

false

Which of the following refer to the concept of the state

An institution that governs a community o people that live in a geographic territory

Governing intuition that has jurisdictions over a piece of geographic territory,

political intuitions that control a certain piece of geographic territory

Which of the following refer to the idea or concept of a nation

a dynamic community of shared identity involving spatial imagination, a community of people who share a common identity

Culture is

a system of shared meanings based around things like religion, communities, language, customers, ethnicity, and other industries that are present in human life

With regards to tourism \____ across the planet are becoming things that we know about and expect or desire to consume

Places

Today human geography straightforwardly conceptualizes landscapes as sets of observable cultural facts

false

According to Robbins, which characteristics are good predictors for lawn chemicals use

age, educational level, income (rich/poor)

political ecologists suggest that a meaningful understanding of land management requires a chain of explanations that includes

relation of land managers with each other, other land users, and broader society

state and world economy relation with land manager

land managers and their direct relation with the land

Hegemony is the pervasive power to turn enforcement into something that appears

spontaneous

To understand why people choose to have lawn, Robbins argues that we

need to consider that roles of ideology in guiding our behaviors and our sense of self

Robbins thinks that the lawn people can be the best described as

false conservative

The term lawn, referring to a managed grass landscape, does not occur before

the 16th century

From its inception in England, lawn was characterized by

political elitism, aristocratic privilege, land exploration

According to Robbins, lawns are a strategy of the state for making empowered and engaged citizens

False

Which of the following individuals said that in the United States "we see a great many poor lawns and very few good ones, and a poor lawn should be considered as inexcusable a home feature as a ragged or soiled carpet.

Samuel Parsons

Robbins Argues that, rather than being an expression of American Culture, front lawns were designed to

Produce American Culture

Which of the following are considered evolutionary advantages of turfgrass

Their growth tissues occurs at the base of the leaf or shoot

They have extraordinary root system that allows the species to thrive in even extreme temperatures

According to Robbins grasses are both

opportunistic growers and tough survivors

The American Lawn ideal is a managed grass space which is

free of weeds, green throughout the year, uniform in length across the surface

New Building development and the construction of new home creates

impoverished and compacted soils

According to Robbins, the process of land conversion for new housing development in North America is

inherently bad for plant growth

According to Robbins, competing claims over the harmful effects of lawn chemical is

one of the honest disagreements about complex issues

Which of the following actors in the lawn industry face pressure to look busy to the consumer and may overuse chemicals is not considered

applicators

According to Robbins, the lawn chemicals that represent a hazard to the collective goof are represented by the lawn industry as

proper community behavior, important for the family

The largest and most powerful players in the lawn industry face

the least serious immediate consequences of chemical use

Which best describes pull marketing

concentrates on creating demand at the customer level

According to Robbins, chemical use on lawns is correlated with

awareness of ones neighbors

Robbins argues that the rhythms and behaviors of lawn communities are dictated by the patters, pace, and ecological needs of turfgrass

true

According to Robbins intensive lawn care management characterizes which of the following

a highly regulated community

In lawn communities the use of lawn chemicals confers

social rewards on those that do this

According to Robbins, which of the following reasons were typically given to explain lawn chemical use in Kingberry Court

hectic lives, responsibilities to ones neighbors, trust in experts

Most of the practical alternative lawn care options available to individuals are high cost and based in scarcely available information and resources

false

Which of the following mechanisms restrict the use of lawn alternatives

deeds, weed laws, covenants

According to Robbins, most homeowner opposition to maintaining a front lawn ends in

surrender

Which of the following landscapes are promoted by advocates of lawn replacement

oak-hickory forest, clover, rock gardens

According to Robbins, in what way are lawn alternatives not really an alternative for lawn people

They also create demands and landscape desires equally rooted in the anxieties of lawn

Which of the following visual variables are effective showing qualitative differences on maps

shape, texture

although some projections distorts both angles and areas, some projections can be both conformal and equivalent

false

in order for a map to be useful and accurate,

the map must tell lies

which map projections preserves areal relationships such as the relative sizes of continents

equivalent