ap human masterfile

population ecology

looking at groups wi a species and how they live together in 1 geo area. ex: dallas saw a drought, hot winter, and lots of ppl so the limiting factors were gone so they the bug were free to go nuts /

comm eco

look at diff organzim and how they live togther and influence each other

Ecosytem Ecology

how all living and non living interct wi an ecosyetm

population growth

fecunity (how many offspring a thing can have)

limiting factor

in order to know how far or little a population can grow you need to know how it is limited. need to know what organsim needs: food, temp, mates, and space

denisty dependent factors

factors whose effects on the size or growth of the population vary with the population density. not enought food, water, space. so many prey, predetor explodes. more mosqitoes leads to more bats which leads to less mosquitos. when desity depdenet limitations kick in and limit growth the carrying cap has been reached

Desnity independent factors

not being controlled by pop. a volcano, tunami, not pop controlled. ex: if it was too cold or lots of rains the mosq pop would lower

logistic growth

limited to the carrying cap of the env - it platos bc they run out of food or space - desnity dep factors

agriculture density

The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture

crude density (arithmetic density)

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

Physiological Density

The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.

R vs K selection

some organsim will reproduce in a way that leads to huge expon growth -r (max growth rate) hope to have spare babies

others are content to the number the env can handle - k - few but take great care of baby

how did human grow so much

1. make food production easier 2. medicine - understaning germs and vaccines 3. not being so gross - cant sit in own poop - sewage systems 4. live will in hospitable places - not desserts via planes and air conditions (humans have then increased carrying capacity) IS A PROBLEM W/ SPACE BC THEY CANT DO STUFF AND OTHER SPECIES DONT HAVE SPACE OR REC

why do we have a declining pop

1. women - they have access to edu and rights so they have babies later in life and therefore have less kids 2. ppl dont farm - dont need more hands to farm since ppl work in cities

GIS (geographic information system)

A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.

LAYERING

GPS (global positioning system)

a system that accurately determines the precise position of something on Earth

POSITION

Prime Meridian

0 degrees longitude

Where is rice grown?

southeast asia

Where is maize grown?

mexico

Where is wheat grown?

midwestern US

europe

northern india

eastern china

fertile crecent

agriclutural revolution

Began 10,000 - 12,000 years ago

Allowed people to settle in villages, grow crops and raise domesticated livestock - 1st

demographic dividend

A rise in the rate of economic growth due to a rising share of working age people in a population.

reasons for death by dtm level

1 - pestilence and famine

2 - receding pands

3 - degenerative and man made diseases

4 - delayed degenerative diseases

5- delayed degenerative diseases and emerging infections

levels of dev by dtm level

1 - hunting and gathering; food supply is unsteady; dont know how to use medicine

2 - industrial rev; better living standard

3 - fewer kids due to birth control; lower infant mortality; woemn how better status

4 - nir approches 0; women in kaor force; edu and hc

5 - less young women and pop is shrinking

da to dtm

The DIM doesn't address have all causes of death, migration, and doesn't show time. To elaborate on time, 1 country can be in stage 3 for 5 yrs and another can be in it for 20, but you wouldn't know with DIM. It is also based on a Western point of view and isn't favorable to developing countries.

Mercator Projection

right angles

focus on long and lat

good for accurate direction

has disortion on poles

good for nav

goode Homosline Projection

interupted map - tries to remove distortion

distortion w/ disatnce and near edges

not good for directions

cannot be used for ocean nav

Fuller Projection

also interuppted

accurtae size and shape

donst use nsew

distortion as get farther from poles

Robinson Map Projection

mag of distortion at the poles

maintains size and shape

aestically pleasing bc small overall distortions

Winkel Tripel Projection

rounder

larger

than robinson

spreads distortion throughout map but most at poles

Gall-Peters Projection

good size projection that distorts the shape of land masses (looks stretched out)

real area and size but distorts the shape

good as a pc show of africa

Distance Decay

The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin. - tech is making this less prominant

time-space compression

The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation systems

place

A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular character.

and bounded by human importance

Scale of Inquiry

level of geographic area being investigated. At a very large scale, a neighborhood may be the focus. At a very small scale, the entire earth may be the focus.

reqs pol boundaires

4 places with most people

eu, south asia, east asia, southeast asia

nir formula

cbr - cdr

downfall of nir

cant account for migration

teritary sector

abt service - lawyer or docter

stage 1 of dtm - pop

high cbr and cdr and leads to low nir

bubonic plauge

stage 2 dtm - pop

high cbr

cdr decreses tho

which leads to pop boom

increase rate of mig to urban

get better food and min max it

indust rev happens then

ppl dont have access to nutrients so they get scurvey - low nut\=low life exepcency

stage 3 dtm - pop

cbr decreases

cdr continues to decrese

nir increases but moderatly

why ppl dont emigrate

have jobs in secondary and teriary - mexico is ex of 3

stage 4 dtm - pop

low cbr

low cdr

low to flat nir

imporved diets

live senentary life style - obesity

endemic

(adj.) native or confined to a particular region or people; characteristic of or prevalent in a field

reemerage infectois desiese - bc things become reistent to the antibiotic, increases rate of pov (bc lots of ppl), globalization means share germs

What is the J curve?

exponential growth

what are 2 criticims of malthus theory

1) Malthus was criticized for being an alarmist and being anti-family. 2)Today we can see how thanks to the agricultural revolutions food production does not grow arithmetically, we have become more efficient thus allowing for more food production. 3)We also do not see population growth continue to grow exponentially, due to increased economic development, urbanization, women empowerment, and more.

how does dtm impact malthus's theory

1) Malthus created his theory during stage 2 of the demographic transition model, this was a time of massive population growth. 2) Malthus did not realize that eventually society would transition into stage 3 and 4 of the demographic transition model, which sees the population growth rate slow. 3) Malthusian theory only works if countries do not advance further into the demographic transition model, if countries stay stuck in stage 2 then we will continue to see a rapidly growing population.

arithmetic growth

Where arithmetic growth is more of a constant growth, where the amount of people or products continue to grow at a set rate.