ch 17: sense organs

pupil

central dark area of the eye

iris

colored portion of the eye

conjunctiva

membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and front part of the eyeball, over the white of the eye

conjunctivitis

pink eye, conjunctiva is inflamed

cornea

transparent tissue that covers the pupil and iris where light passes through

sclera

opaque white part of the eye

aque/o

water

blephar/o

eyelid

conjunctiv/o

conjunctiva

cor/o

pupil

anis/o

unequal

anisocoria

unequal pupils

corne/o

cornea

cycl/o

ciliary body or muscle of eye

dacry/o

tear, tear duct

ir/o, irid/o

iris

kerat/o

cornea

lacrim/o

tears

ocul/o

eye

ophthal/o

eye

opt/o, optic/o

eye, vision

palpebr/o

eyelid

papill/o

optic disk

phac/o, phak/o

lens of the eye

pupill/o

pupil

retin/o

retina

scler/o

sclera

uve/o

uvea, vascular layer of the eye

vitre/o

glassy

ambly/o

dull, dim

dipl/o

double

glauc/o

gray

mi/o

smaller, less

mydr/o

widen, enlarge

nyct/o

night

phot/o

light

presby/o

old age

presbyopia

impaired vision due to old age

scot/o

darkness

xer/o

dry

-opia

vision

-oposia

vision

-tropia

to turn

astigmatism

defect or curvature in the cornea or the lens of the eye

hyperopia, hypermetropia

far sightedness; patient can see far, but not near

myopia

near sightedness; patient can see near, but not far

cataract

clouding of the lens of the eye, causes a decrease in vision

way to correct cataract

have the cataract extracted and to implant a new lens

chalazion

small hard cystic mass, or granuloma, on the eyelid; an inflammation; affects the sebaceous gland in the eyelid

diabetic retinopathy

retinal effects of diabetes mellitus which include microaneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins

neovascularization

new blood vessels forming in the retina after recovery from diabetic retinopathy

glaucoma

increased intraocular pressure, which damages the retina and optic nerve which causes the loss of vision

hordeolum

sty/stye; draining pus; caused by Staphylococcal infection, affects sebaceous gland in the eyelid

macular degeneration

progressive damage to the macula of the retina

retinal detachment

when someone has trauma to the eye or a head injury; separation of the 2 layers of the retina

strabismus

general term that means abnormal deviation of the eye

esotropia

cross-eyed, having an eye that is turning inward

exotropia

wall-eyed; having an eye that is turning outward

hypertropia

upward deviation of one eye

hypotropia

downward deviation of one eye

amblyopia

lazy eye; partial loss of vision

diplopia

double vision

ophthalmoscopy

simple visual examination of the interior of the eye

visual acuity test

clarity of vision test; asses what the patient's vision is

snellen chart

typical eye chart for visual acuity test; patient tries to read the chart from about 20 feet away

visual acuity ratio

first number is distance patient was standing from the chart; second number is distance at which a person with normal vision could read the same line of the chart

visual field test

measures peripheral and central vision; measurement of that area within which objects are seen when the eyes are fixed looking straight ahead without moving the head

enucleation

removal of the entire eyeball

keratoplasty

surgical repair of the cornea, cornea transplant

laser photocoagulation

using an argon laser to create an inflammatory reaction used to seal retinal tears and repair leaky retinal blood vessels

LASIK

use of an excimer laser to correct areas of refraction like myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism

vitrectomy

removal of vitreous humor

HEENT

head, eyes, ears, nose, throat

IOL

intraocular lens

LASIK

laser in situ keratomileusis

OD

right eye

OS

left eye

OU

both eyes

PERRLA

pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation

VA

visual acuity

VF

visual field

pinna, auricle

projecting flap on the outer ear

external auditory meatus, auditory canal

channel that leads from the pinna to the middle ear

tympanic membrane, ear drum

the membrane between the outer and middle ear where sound waves hit

ossicles

3 small bones that are moved as the ear drum vibrates; malleus, incus, stapes (in order of vibration)

oval window

membrane that the stapes moves as it vibrates; separated middle ear from inner ear

auditory tube, eustachian tube

canal that leads from middle ear to pharynx

inner ear

labyrinth

cerumen

ear wax, protects and lubricates the ear

cochlea

part of the labyrinth that leads from oval window, bony snail shell shaped structure

ear functions

hearing; equilibrium, balance

vestibule

connects the cochlea for hearing to 3 semi-circular canals for balance

acous/o

hearing

audi/o

hearing

audit/o

hearing

aur/o, auricul/o

ear

cochle/o

cochlea

mastoid/o

mastoid process

myring/o

ear drum, tympanic membrane

ossicul/o

ossicle