Studied by 1 person
Central NS: Brain and Spinal Cord
Peripheral NS: All other nervous tissue
Sensory Function: Receptors in PNS detect stimuli, sensory info is transmitted to the CNS via a sensory neuron
Integrative Function: CNS integrates info, and decides on an outcome
Motor Function: CNS transmits motor response to the PNS via a motor neuron, action is carried out by effectors
Somatic NS: In charge of voluntary actions, including touch, pressure, pain, temperature and stretch. Includes special sensors. Has 2 Divisions
Sensory Division: Receptors in skeletal muscle, joints, and special sensors relay information TO CNS
Motor Division: Response FROM the CNS is transmitted to skeletal muscle, joins and special sensors
Autonomic NS: In charge of automatic processes, including breathing, heartbeat, digestion and hormone release. Has 2 divisions:
Sensory Division: Receptors in autonomic organs and glands transmit information TO the CNS
Motor Division: Response FROM the CNS is transmitted to autonomic organs and glands
Also has 2 classifications: Sympathetic (fight or flight) and Parasympathetic (rest or digest)
Enteric NS: Newer classification, in charge of nervous tissue in the gut. Has 2 sections:
Sensory Division: Receptors in the GI tract transmit information TO the CNS
Motor Division: Response FROM the CNS to the smooth muscle cells, glands and endocrine cells in the GI (AUTONOMIC)
Cell Body / Soma: Contains nucleus, cytoplasm and organelles, and receives and integrates information from receptors and other neurons
Dendrites: Projects off the cell body, receives information from other cells to take into cell body, and are the site of input for neurons
Axon: Tube coming off cell body, carries AP away from the cell, propagates it towards another neuron or effector
Axon Terminal: Comes off the end of the axon and connects to other cells to transmit electrical impulses /AP
Synaptic End Bulbs: The swollen ends of the axon terminal where neurotransmitters are stores
Myelin Sheath: Made of Schwann cells, covers the axon to keep electrical impulses inside, and increases the speed of electrical impulse transfer
Multipolar: Several dendrites, single axon, makes up most of CNS neurons and all motor neurons
Bipolar: Single main dendrite, single axon, for special sensors
Unipolar: Dendrites and axon are fused as a continuous process, cell body is to the side
Afferent / Sensory
Efferent / Motor
Interneuron: Transmits information between afferent and efferent neurons, only in the CNS
Astrocytes: Star-shaped, maintain optimum chemical environment in the BBB
Oligodendrocytes: Octupus-like, wrap around axon, form and maintain myelin sheath in the CNS.
Microglia: Small, spine-like processes, act as phagocytes by removing damaged tissue, trigger further immune response, it also destroys damaged tissue in CNS.
Ependymal: cuboidal cells with microvilli and cilia, lines ventricles and central canal and produce and circulate cerebral spinal fluid.
CAOME (Can’t always offer meals everybody!)
Satellite cells: surround cell bodies on neurons of PNS ganglia for structural support, exchange materials from cells bodies and interstitial fluid.
Schwann cells: Form myelin sheath in PNS, each cell myelinated a single axon.
Growth and repair of nervous tissue and cells.
In the CNS, there is little neuroregeneration, due to inhabitory influences from neuroglia, and rapid formation of scar tissue
In the PNS, neuroregeneration occurs if cell body is intact, Schwann cells are functional, and scar tissue doesn’t rapidly form. The steps are:
Clusters of neuron cell bodies
Ganglion (PNS)
Nucleus (CNS)
Bundle of Axons
Nerve (PNS)
Tract (CNS)
White and Grey Matter
White (Myelinated axons)
Grey (Neurons, cell bodies, unmylinated axons, axon terminals, and neuroglia)
