gov terms

501c group

Tax exempt group that lobbies and campaigns

527 group

Another form of tax exempt group that campaigns

advice and consent

The Senate’s power over Presidential appointments

affirmative action

Helping minorities end prior discrimination

amicus curiae

Friends of the Court essays (briefs of support)

Anti-Federalists

Localists after the Convention of 1787

appellate jurisdiction

Cases on appeal from a lower court

apportionment

Setting the number of seats per state in the HR

appropriation

Bills that include federal spending of tax $

authorization bill

Legislation that gives agencies duties and powers

ballot initiative

States that allow public votes on issues

bandwagon

Following the popular issue/event/candidate

bicameral

A legislative body with 2 chambers

bipartisan

A bill with majority support from both parties

block grants

Fed grants to states of set amounts of money

budget resolution

HR and S set up the annual budget process

bundling

Large amounts of campaign money from many different and smaller sources

bully pulpit

The president’s power of public persuasion

cabinet

Executive department leaders giving advice to the pres

casework

Legislative duties to help specific citizens

categorical grants

Fed grants for only specific projects

501c group

Tax exempt group that lobbies and campaigns

527 group

Another form of tax exempt group that campaigns

advice and consent

The Senate’s power over Presidential appointments

affirmative action

Helping minorities end prior discrimination

amicus curiae

Friends of the Court essays (briefs of support)

Anti-Federalists

Localists after the Convention of 1787

appellate jurisdiction

Cases on appeal from a lower court

apportionment

Setting the number of seats per state in the HR

appropriation

Bills that include federal spending of tax $

authorization bill

Legislation that gives agencies duties and powers

ballot initiative

States that allow public votes on issues

bandwagon

Following the popular issue/event/candidate

bicameral

A legislative body with 2 chambers

bipartisan

A bill with majority support from both parties

block grants

Fed grants to states of set amounts of money

budget resolution

HR and S set up the annual budget process

bundling

Large amounts of campaign money from many different and smaller sources

cooperative federalism

Feds and states share authority and duties

counsel

A lawyer for someone

de facto segregation

Segregation created by citizen’s actions

delegated powers

Constitutional powers listed for the federal gov

demographics

What kind of people make up the USA

devolution

Bringing back more local/state authority

discharge petition

Request of the Speaker to rescue a House bill

discretionary spending

Fed spending that can be chosen, not required

double jeopardy

Being charged over and over again for a crime

dual court system

Fed courts and State courts with separate jurisdiction

dual federalism

Specific emphasis on separate state powers

due process

Protections against arbitrary laws and courts

earmarks

Fed money for specific districts and local actions

elastic clause

A1S18 “necessary and proper”

eminent domain

Gov powers to take private property for the public

entitlement

Programs guaranteed to the public

enumerated powers

Federal powers specifically listed in the Constitution

establishment clause

Gov cannot create religious practices for people

exclusionary rule

Illegally found evidence cannot be used in court

executive orders

From the president to the executive branch/force of law

exit poll

How did we vote, after we voted?

ex post facto

After the fact

extradition

Sending a fleeing person back to the state making charges

federalism

Federal gov and state gov levels and authority

filibuster

Endless debates in the Senate to avoid votes

fiscal federalism

Fed powers over states via funds and grants

fiscal/fiscal spending

Fed spending of the budget

floor (“on the floor”)

Final, full votes in the HR or S with all member

formula grants

Money from the feds to states with regulations set for spending

franking

Free mail services for Congress to the people

free exercise clause

We can practice the religions of our choice

free rider

Some benefit even though they don’t help pay for the service

frontloading

Putting key primaries in the early part of the year

full faith and credit

States give other state laws recognition

gender gap

Differences in voting/wages… between genders

gerrymandering

Biasing voting districts to favor party groups

good faith exception

Police errors do not automatically end searches…

grassroots

From the local populous

gridlock

Pres from one party, Congress’ majorities the other

hold (Senate “hold”)

Delaying a bill, especially in committee

horizontal federalism

Clear different kinds of powers for feds and states

impeach

To charge a federal official (HR duty)

implied powers

Powers “created” from interpretations of the Const.

inalienable rights

Rights that cannot be taken from citizens

incite

To create a violent reaction via speech

incorporation (in connection with 14th)

States must give due process and equal protections in their laws

incumbent

A person in office, running for re-election

independent expenditures

Candidates spending their own money for elections

inherent powers

Powers basic to the existence of a government

interest group

Local and national groups influencing laws

iron triangles

Interest group, agency, leg leader working together

issue network

Individual and group alliances for causes

joint committee

HR and S members on the same, special committee

judicial activism

SCOTUS “creating” legal directives

judicial review

SCOTUS powers to interpret laws (Marbury v Madison)

judicial restraint

SCOTUS restricting powers to only deciding case winners…

jurisdiction

What area of law does a court control

lame duck

Finishing out a term but unable to run again

lapdog

Journalists who often only report the pres. side

layer cake federalism

The modern mixture of powers between feds and states

legislative oversight

Congress monitoring actions of the bureaucracy

Lemon Test

Can public money be given to private schools