Ex Phys Final

Integration of motor control processes through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movements.

motor learning

physician in the roman empire

Galen

realized exercise is different than movement

Galen

first to describe circulation of blood

William Harvey

first to draw a detailed a human body

Andreas Vesalius

granted permission by the state to practice

licensure

passing a test through programs, usually requires continuing education to retain

certification

Is exercise science an accredited degree?

yes

prone

face up

supine

face down

anterior

front

posterior

back

lateral

away from the midline

medial

toward the midline

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment

distal

farther from the point of attachment

superficial

near the surface

deep

away from the surface

a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts

saggital plane

dorsal

back

Superior

above

Inferior

below

divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

frontal plane

divides the body into superior and inferior portions

transverse plane

decreases the angle of the joint

flexion

increases the angle of a joint

extension

movement away from the midline

abduction

movement toward the midline of the body

adduction

to rotate around an axis

rotation

to raise the shoulder girdle

elevation

to lower the shoulder girdle

depression

turning palms down

pronation

turning palms up

supination

shoulder blades away from midline

protraction

shoulder blades toward midline

retraction

side bending left or right

lateral flexion

to move a joint in a circular motion

circumduction

rotating a joint inward

internal rotation

turning the joint outward

external rotation

tilts the hand toward the little finger

ulnar flexion

tilts the hand toward the thumb

radial flexion

movement of the thumb to touch to touch fingertips

opposition

bending of the foot or the toes upward

dorsiflexion

pointing toes down

plantar flexion

turning the sole of the foot inward

inversion

turning the sole of the foot outward

eversion

to flex the wrist towards the palm of the hand

palmar flexion

rotation in the sagittal plane

frontal axis

movements in the sagittal plane

walking, situps, lunges

rotation in the frontal plane

sagittal axis

movements in frontal plane

cartwheel, jumping jacks

rotation in the transverse plane

vertical axis

movements in transverse plane

rotation, spinning

Fatigability of Skeletal muscle

fatigable

function of skeletal muscle

locomotion

location of skeletal muscle

attached to bones

activation of skeletal muscle

voluntary

location of cardiac muscle

heart

activation of cardiac muscle

involuntary

fatigability

highly fatigue resistant

function of cardiac muscle

pump blood

location of smooth muscle

walls of hollow organs

activation of smooth muscle

involuntary

fatigability of smooth muscle

fatigue resistant

function of smooth muscle

propels substances or objects along internal passageways

Appearance of skeletal muscle

striated, multi-nucleated

appearance of cardiac muscle

one nucleus, striated, and intercalated discs

Appearance of smooth muscle

one nucleus and no striations

smallest contractile unit of a muscle

sarcomere

where does a cross bridge form

between the actin and myosin heads

What allows the myosin to detach from actin?

ATP

What causes muscle contraction?

calcium being released in the sarcomeres

Type 1 muscle fibers

slow twitch oxidative

Type 2 muscle fibers

fast oxidative

type 3 muscle fiber

fast glycolytic

SO resistance to fatigue

high

FOG resistance to fatigue

intermediate

FG resistance to fatigue

low

contraction speed of SO

slow

contraction speed of FOG

fast

contraction speed of FG

fast

is slow oxidative aerobic or anaerobic

aerobic

is fast oxidative aerobic or anaerobic

both

is fast glycolytic aerobic or anaerobic

anaerobic

force production of slow oxidative

low

force production of fast oxidative

intermediate

force production of fast glycolytic

high

motor neuron and all fibers it innervates

motor unit

type of motor unit used for fine motor movements

small motor unit

type of motor unit used for gross movements

large motor unit

states that when a motor unit receives a stimulus of sufficient intensity to bring forth a response, all muscle fibers within the unit contract at the same time and to the max possible extent

all or none principle

shortening of muscle/ joint angle

concentric contraction

lengthening of muscle/ joint angle

eccentric contraction

no change in muscle length

isometric contraction

the ability to produce maximal force in order to overcome powerful external resistances

maximal strength

the ability to overcome external resistance by developing a high rate of muscular contraction

muscular power

the ability to resist fatigue during longer duration strength activities

muscular endurance

Path of blood through the heart

1.superior and inferior vena cava (from the body)

2.right atrium

3.tricuspid valve