English Medical and Nutritional Vocabulary Review

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards focusing on medical terms associated with pregnancy, psychiatry, nutritional status, dietary habits, and food preparation techniques.

Deficiency

A lack or shortage of something, particularly a nutrient or essential substance.

Amniotic sac

The fluid-filled bag that contains and protects the fetus during pregnancy.

Umbilical cord

The flexible, cord-like structure containing blood vessels that connects a fetus to the placenta.

Pregnancy-induced hypertension

High blood pressure that develops as a result of pregnancy.

Neural tube defect

A birth defect involving the brain, spinal cord, or spine, often resulting from a folate deficiency.

Pre-eclampsia

A pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to another organ system, often the kidneys.

Gestational diabetes

A condition in which a woman without diabetes develops high blood sugar levels during pregnancy.

Striae gravidarium

Stretch marks that appear during pregnancy.

Teratogenic

Relating to agents or factors that can cause malformations of an embryo or fetus.

Anhedonia

An inability to experience pleasure from activities usually found enjoyable.

Delusion

A persistent false belief maintained despite being contradicted by reality or rational argument.

Pressured speech

Speech that is rapid, frantic, or difficult to interrupt, often found in psychiatric conditions.

Dementia

A chronic or persistent disorder of the mental processes marked by memory disorders, personality changes, and impaired reasoning.

Comorbidity

The simultaneous presence of two or more chronic diseases or conditions in a patient.

Dysgeusia

A condition characterized by a distortion of the sense of taste.

Dysphagia

Medical term for difficulty in swallowing.

Odynophagia

A condition where swallowing food or liquids causes pain.

Cachexia

Weakness and wasting of the body due to severe chronic illness and malnutrition.

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)

A form of malnutrition that is defined as a range of pathological conditions arising from coincident lack of dietary protein and/or energy in varying proportions.

Food insecurity

The state of being without reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food.

Stunted growth

Reduced growth rate in human development, often as a result of malnutrition.

Staple food

A food that is eaten routinely and in such quantities that it constitutes a dominant portion of a standard diet.

Lacto-ovo vegetarian

A diet that excludes meat, poultry, and fish but includes dairy products and eggs.

Pescatarian

A person who does not eat meat but does eat fish.

Flexitarian

A person who has a primarily vegetarian diet but occasionally eats meat or fish.

Fortified foods

Foods that have extra nutrients added to them which are not naturally present.

Anthropometric measurements

A series of quantitative measurements of the muscle, bone, and adipose tissue used to assess the composition of the body.

Skinfold calliper

An instrument used to measure the thickness of a fold of skin with its underlying layer of fat.

Failure to thrive

A condition where children do not meet recognized standards of growth.

Scurvy

A disease caused by a severe deficiency of vitamin C.

Rickets

A condition that affects bone development in children, usually caused by a deficiency of vitamin D or calcium.

24-hour dietary recall

A dietary assessment method where an individual remembers and reports all foods and beverages consumed in the preceding $24\text{-hour}$ period.

Food-drug interactions

A change in how a medicine works caused by food, vitamins, or beverages.

Malignancy

The presence of a cancerous tumor or the quality of being predisposed to cause death.

Julienne

A culinary knife cut in which the food item is cut into long thin strips, similar to matchsticks.

Simmer

To stay just below the boiling point while being heated.

Sallow

A person's face or complexion of an unhealthy yellow or pale brown color.

Tube feeding

Medical procedure where a patient is fed through a tube inserted into the stomach.

Parenteral feeding

The delivery of calories and nutrients into a vein.

Tingling

A slight stinging or prickling sensation, often described as pins and needles.