222 ARCH Final- Buildings and Ideas

First De Stijl Manifesto

Old favors individualism while New favors universal

Won’t sign the De Stijl manifesto (4)

Piet Mondrain, Theo Doesburg, Gerrit Rietveld

“The object of nature is man, the object of man is style”

Publication of the Magazine De Stijl

De Stijl in Architecture style?

Gerrit Rietveld

Schroder House architect?

Gerrit Rietveld

20th Century Developments in Russian Art and Architecture:

Architecture: between eclecticism and national romanticism

Architecture ___ institution of power

Legitimize

Two Major ideological camps:

Rationalists and Constructivists

Russian Rationalist

Nikolai Ladovsky

Russian Constructivist

Moisei Ginzburg

The work of ___ anticipates those two groups

Vladimir Tatlin

Le Courbusier 3 phases:

1. Five Points
2. From Purism to Monumentality
3. Vernacular

Publication of Vers Une Architecture

Le Corbusier

Points of Publication of Vers Une Architecture: (7)

1. Importance of a new industrial spirit
2. Replacing style with new experimental forms
3. Rebirth of architecture based on function
4. A new aesthetic based on pure form
5. Mass, surface, and plan
6. The plan regulates architecture
7. Importance of automobile, airplanes and liners

Architects must develop a __ __

standardized forms

Who said architects must develop a standardized form?

Le Corbusier

Prototype that can be repeated: __ __

House-Machine

Le Courbusier Idea for housing phrase: Houses are ____ ____

Machines for living

Le Courbusier Phase one was about:

The Five Points of Architecture

Five points of architecture:

1. Pilotis
2. Free plan
3. Free Facade
4. Long Horizontal sliding window
5. Roof Garden

Great Example of Le Corbusier five points:

Ville Savoye

Third Phase of Le Corbusier

Vernacular

Vernacular in architecture means:

categorize methods of construction which use locally available resource and traditions to address local needs

Le Corbusier' building that emphasized the beauty of raw materials:

Maison Jaoul

Third Phase of Le Corbusier building example:

1. Charles Edouard Jeanneret
2. Ronchamp Chapel

Le Corbusier only building built in the States

Carpenter Center

Frank Lloyd Wrights’s Usonian Phase is described as:

Explorations in Reinforced Concrete Technology and abandonment of Prairie Style

Usonia:

New tendency characterized by native materials, flat roofs and large cantilevered elements

Organic use of materials: concrete as if it were tree-like form

Johnson Wax Buildings

Total integration with the natural landscape and use of cantilevered concrete structure

Falling Water

A cantilever is:

A beam supported on only one end

Spiral Form and white concrete:

Guggenheim Museum

Nordic tradition

Alvar Aalto

Alvar Aalto’s influnces: (6)

1. Gunnar Asplund
2. K. Schinkel
3. N. Ladovsky’s rational Constructivism
4. Functionalism 1920s
5. Ductch Neo Plasticism
6. ARU

Importance of site planning

Alvar Aalto

Villa Mairea Qualities

Creative use of materials, integration with surroundings, and inside/outside relationship

Saynatsalo Town Hall Qualities:

Organic and creative modeling of brick work and fenestration

Group of seven architects interested in composition based on industrial themes

Gruppo 7

Gruppo 7 is interested in who?

Le Corbusier

“new architecture should have close association between logic and rationality” -?

Gruppo 7

Two schools of Italian Rationalism:

School of Milan and School of Rome

School of Milan influnced by: (3)

Mies, Le Corbusier, and constuctivism

School of Rome influences: (1)

Return to Classical traditions

Italian Modernism is a fight between:

Gruppo 7 VS Marcello Piacentini and the Roman school

Casa del Fascio Qualities: (4)

Use of glass and concrete, glass = transparency of Fascism, Floor plan = Renaissance Palazzo, and Geometric proportions

Aldo Rossi brings back: (2)

Pure forms/ volumes and local building types

“I don’t invent I remember” -?

Rossi

“architecture’s task is not to __ __”

invent form

“Architecture’s task is not to invent form” -?

Mies van der Rohe

Mies van der Rohe is inspired by the work of: (2)

Berlage and Schinkel

Not educated in the Arts and Crafts:

Mies van der Rohe

Joined Peter Berhren’s office

Mies van der Rohe

Office Building in Friedrichstrasse is what kind of architecture?

skin and bones architecture

early Mies’ work is characterized by: (3)

1. Berlage’s brick tradition


2. F.L. Wright’s horizontality
3. Malevich and El Lissitsky Supermatism

German Pavilion qualities (1)

Linearity and precision of material elements

Farnsworth House qualities: (1)

Minimal use of materials- marble and white steel

“Less is more” -?

Mies van der Rohe

Seagram Building Qualities: (4)

1. Most expensive building in 1958
2. Similar to the Lake Shore Drive Apartments
3. Offsetting the building from street


1. Seagram PLaza

Seagram Building Materials: (2)

1. Bronze- colored glass and I beams
2. Bronze furnishing

Seagram Building structure:

Becomes decoration

The New Deal:

economic programs in response to the Great Depression

Europe Political and social crises forced 4 architects to the States:

Gropius, Breuer, Mies, Alfred Meyer

Architecture during the New Deal

Dams and Hydroelectric infrastructures

Richard Fuller is interested in: __ __

Geodesic Domes

A geodesic Dome is:

Type of structure shaped like a part of a sphere or ball

Philip Johnson’s first degree

Architectural History from Harvard

Philip Johnson trained under who?

Marcel Breuer

Who won the first Pritzker Prize?

Philip Johnson

Who experience the birth and death of modernism?

Philip Johnson

Differences in Glass House and Farnsworth? (5)

1. Position: Ground/ platform
2. Color: Steel coatings
3. symmetry / Asymmetric
4. Narrow / Hospitable
5. Unobstructed / Obstructed: white vs black

Qualities of AT&T Building: (3)

1. Glass and Steel Architecture
2. Reference to classical architecture
3. Chippendale top

“I am a whore… paid very well of high-rise builidngs” -?

Philip Johnson

Example of Deconstructivism methods

Chapel of St. Basil

Chapel of St. Basil quality

Challenging pure geometry and orthogonal volumes

Louis Kahn trained where?

in the Beaux Arts, University of Pennsylvania

Yale Art Gallery influences: (3)

1. Mies work
2. structural frame
3. Masonry and Glass

yale Art Gallery is an example of: __ __

American Monumentality

Kimbell Art Museum, how is monumentality expressed?

extensive use of masonry construction - Concrete and Return to simplicity and classical forms

Kaufmann Desert House’s Vernacular:

Mexican building tradition style

CIAM means:

International Congress of Modern Architecture

CIAM is made up of:

24 architects representing 8 European countries

CIAM is interested in: (2)

1. Emphasizing building rather than architecture
2. Standardization

CIAM ideas: (2)

1. Anti-aestheticism
2. Pro-functionalism

Second stage of CIAM was dominated by:

Le Corbusier and a shift to urban planning

CIAM solutions to cities social problems: (2)

1. Strict Functional segregation


1. tall apartment blocks at widely spaced intervals

“The Functional City” failed to

Failed to acknowledge quality of place

Lead the younger generation of CIAM IX (2)

Smithson and Van Eyck

Last CIAM meeting?

1956

Younger generation of CIAM proposed a different view of the city: (2)

1. Physical form and socio-psychological needs
2. Avoid generic functional schemes

Team X members: (7)

1. Jacob Bakema
2. Aldo Van Eyck
3. Alison and Peter Smithson
4. Georges Candilis
5. Shadrach Woods
6. Giancarlo De Carlo

Team X movements: (2)

1. New Brutalism
2. Structuralism

New Brutalism members: (2)

Alison and Peter Smithson

Structuralism members (2)

Aldo Van Eyck and Jacob Bakema

French “beton brut” meaning:

raw concrete

Golden Lane intended as a critique of who?

Le Corbusier’s radiant City

Golden Lane is about: (4)

1. House
2. Street
3. District
4. and more Human

Aldo Van Eyck built based on:

Interrelationships between social and urban structure

“the day modernism died” -?

Charles Jencks

When was Pruitt Igoe imploded?

3pm March 16, 1972

Post Modernist Groups:

1. Radicals
2. Reference of classical architecture
3. Return to pure form and volumes
4. Details in materials/ local traditions