Biology 1 Final Exam Review

hypotheses

Scientist use observation and data to form and test
2

dependent variables

During an experiment, which factors are observed and
measured?
3

analyzing data

At which state of scientific thinking are scientist most likely to
consider the data and conclusions of others scientists to purpose new experiments?
4

are never proven

Which phrase best describes scientific theories?
5

diverse

The various parts of Earth biosphere are connected and...
6

biodiversity

The variety of life across the biosphere is called
7

species

Similar organisms that can reproduce by interbreeding belong to the
same...
8

metabolism

All chemical processes used to build up or break down materials
are called an organisms's
9

evolution

What is the name given for genetic changes in living things over time?
10

ecosystem

A physical environment with different species that interact with
one another and with nonliving things is called an
11

homeostasis

Organisms rely on both negative feedback processes and behavior to maintain
12

They stimulate complex biological systems that cannot be studied directly

How have computer models expanded biological research?
13

molecular genetics

The study and manipulation of DNA on a molecular level
is known as
14

biotechnology

Both processes shown in Figure 1.2 use and apply biological
processes.Both processes are examples of...
15

improve human health

Exploring how indoor air pollutants lead to respiratory
problems is an example of using biology to...
16

atom

The smallest basic unit of matter is the...
17

ion

Which of the following is formed when an atom gains or loses electrons?
18

covalent bonds

Atoms in molecules are pairs of electrons when they make...
19

hydrogen bonds

What gives water many properties that are important to
living things?
20

a solution with a pH of 1

Which of the following solutions has the highest H
ion concentration?
21

bonding properties

What is unique about carbon?
22

Substance A

Which substance represented is the solvent?
23

proteins

The 4 main types of carbon-based molecules in organisms are
carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and...
24

phospholipids

glycerol backbone , one phosphate group (hydrophilic) , and two fatty acid tails (hydrophobic). Amphipathic because the molecules have both polar and nonpolar parts, allowing them to form a lipid bilayer in an aqueous environment.  

fatty acids

Both animal fats and plant oils are made up of glycerol and...
25

chemical reactions

Substances are changed into different substances when
bonds break and form during...
26

6H‚0 and 6CO‚

Identify the products in this reaction

endothermic

Chemical reactions that absorb more energy than they release
are called...
28

catalyst

The activation energy needed for a chemical reaction is decreased
by a...
29

The enzyme is causing new bonds to form between the substrates.

In the
lock-and-key model of enzyme function, shown in figure 2, what is happening?
30

rate

Which aspect of a chemical reaction is affected by enzymes?
31

all organisms are made of cells

Which of the following is a major principle
upon which cell theory is based?
32

eukaryotic

Identify the type of cell shown
33

nucleus

Which organelle is the storehouse for most of a cell's genetic information?
34

studded with ribosomes

Which phrase best describes rough ER?
35

mitochondria

Which organelles supply energy to the cell?
36

`lyosomes

Which organelles contain enzymes that break down old cell parts?
37

chloroplasts

Which organelles are unique to plant cells?
38

photosynthesis

Which process occurs inside the chloroplasts?
39

intracellular

Which type of receptor is shown
40

receptor

A protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in
response is called a...
41

fewer solutes than the cell

A solution that is hypotonic to a cell has...
42

passive and active transport

Transport proteins play a role in both...
43

facilitated diffusion

Which process requires no energy from the cell?
44

vesicles

Which organelles are involved in the process called endocytosis
45

exocytosis

Which process is occurring when a vesicle fuses with the cell
membrane and releases its contents outside the cell?
46

ATP

What molecule carries chemical energy that cells use for their functions?
47

carbohydrates

Which of the following molecules found in the food we eat is
more commonly broken down to make ATP?
48

A phosphate group is removed from ATP

Which of the following directly
provides the energy needed for cell functions?
49

sunlight

Chemo-synthesis is a process through which some organisms use
energy from chemicals in their environment to build sugars in the absence of...
50

light-dependent reactions

The water molecules labeled "A" in the figure are
going to the thylakoids to take part in which process?
51

CO‚

Which of the following is a reactant in photosynthesis?
52

thylakoids

Where in plant cells are the energy-absorbing molecules for photosynthesis located?
53

They can be used for cellular respiration

What happens to the sugar that
are made during photosynthesis?
54

mitochondria

The part of cellular respiration that needs oxygen takes place
inside the
55

cellular respiration

Which process is best represented by the following chemical equation?
sugar + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + water
56

electronic transport chain

Which of the following is best shown by Figure 4.2
57

photosynthesis

An electron chain that produces ATP is part of both the
cellular respiration process and...
58

fermentation

In which process is lactic acid formed when there is not enough
oxygen present for cellular respiration to take place?
59

glycolysis

Before cellular respiration, glucose must be broken down by the
process of
60

carbon dioxide

Which of the following is a product of the Krebs Cycle
61

too small

If a cell cannot move enough material through its membrane to
survive, then the ratio of its surface area to volume is...
62

pass a critical checkpoint

Before a cell can proceed to mitosis from the gap
2 stage of the cell cycle, it must...
63

copies DNA

During interphase a cell grows, duplicates organelles and...
64

they undergo more wear and tear

Why do the cells lining the stomach divide
more quickly than those in the liver?
65

mitosis

During which of the following stages shown does cytoplasm of a cell
divide?
66

control the cell cycle

Kinases and cyclins are internal factors that
67

growth factors

Proteins from outside a cell that stimulate it to divide are called
68

It is made up of 2 chromatids

which statement describes the chromosomes
shown in the figure?
69

reproduction

In a single-celled organism, mitosis is used for
70

They can cause tumors in other parts of the body

Which of the following
is true of malignant tumors?
71

cancer cells divide uncontrollably

One difference between a cancer cell and
a normal cell is that...
72

It does not take place in multicellular organisms

Which statement about
the process of binary fission is true?
73

Many identical cells

A plant's leaf consists of
74

their location in the embryo

Cells in a developing embryo differentiate based
on
75

bacterium

Which organism is capable of reproduction through asexual mitosis?
76

homologous chromosomes

Two similar chromosomes that you inherit from
your parents (one from your mothers, one from your father) are called...
77

23

Meiosis produces cells with how many chromosomes?
78

somatic cell

Which of the following cell types is diploid?
79

trait

A distinguishing characteristic that can be inherited is a...
80

monohybrid heterozygous-heterozygous cross

Which of the following
phrases describes the Punnett square?
81

They are identical forms of the same gene

Which of the following statements is true of homozygous alleles?
82

law of independent assortment

Which law states that organisms inherit two
copies of each gene and donate one copy to each of their offspring?
83

controlled the fertilization process

Mendel knew that the variations in the
offspring generations resulted from his experiments because he...
84

A and B

Which pair of genes in the Figure would be most likely to be inherited
together?
85

sister chromatids separate

Which event takes place during anaphase II and
meiosis II?
86

masked by a dominant allele

Recessive alleles may not be expressed because they are...
87

genetic variation within species

Mendel's second law of genetics, the law
of independent assortment, is one explanation of the...
88

crossing over

Which of the following events is an important factor in increasing variety among sexually reproducing organisms?
89

dihybrid crosses

Mendel's observation that traits are inherited separately
was based on which set of experiments?
90

3

1

homozygous for the recessive allele

A person ho has a disorder caused by
a recessive allele is...
92

environment

Gene expression is influenced by many factors.Which of the
following is a factor in gene expression?
93

ss offspring

The Punnett square in the Figure shows a cross between two
parents who have the genotype Ss for a genetic disorder caused by a recessive
allele.Which of the following will have the genetic disorder?
94

75%

Two parents have the genotype Gg for a genetic disorder caused by
a dominant allele.What it the chance that any of their children will inherit the
disorder?
95

two recessive alleles

For an XX female to express a recessive sex-linked
trait, she must have...
96

polygenic trait

Human height occurs in a continuous range because it is
affected by the interaction of several genes, making it a...
97

all white

Suppose a mouse is homozygous for alleles that produce black fur
and homozygous for alleles for an epistatic gene that prevents fur coloration.What
color fur will the mouse have?
of the following statements about the genes is true.
99

traits sometimes are inherited as a group

Thomas Morgan's research with
fruit flies determined that...
100

not inherited together in 6 out of 100 offspring

Two genes cross over 6%
of the time.This percentage means that the genes are...
101