ASA Test Prep 2018 Private Pilot Chapter 1: "Basic Aerodynamics"

the term "angle of attack" is defined as the angle

between the wing chord line and the relative wind

the angle between the chord line of an airfoil and the relative wind is known as the angle of

attack

angle of attack is defined as the angle between the chord line of an airfoil and the

direction of the relative wind

the angle of attack at which an airfoil stalls will

remain the same regardless of gross weight

what is the effect of advancing the throttle in flight

airspeed will remain relatively constant but the aircraft will climb

what statement relates to Bernoulli's principle?

air traveling faster over the curved upper surface of an airfoil causes lower pressure on the top surface

the four forces acting on an airplane in flight are

lift, weight, thrust, and drag

what is the purpose of the rudder on an airplane?

to control yaw

what is the relationship of lift, drag, thrust, and weight when the airplane is in straight-and-level flight?

lift equals weight and thrust equals drag

when are the four forces that act on an airplane in equilibrium?

during unaccelerated flight

the best speed to use for a glide is one that will result in the greatest glide distance for a given amount of

altitude

climb performance depends on the

reserve power or thrust

(refer to figure 72) the horizontal dashed line from point C to point E represents the

positive limit load factor

(refer to figure 72) the vertical dashed line from point E to point F is represented on the airspeed indicator by the

upper limit of the yellow arc

an airplane said to be inherently stable will

require less effort to control

what determines the longitudinal stability of an airplane?

the location of the CG with respect to the center of lift

what causes an airplane (except a T-tail) to pitch nosedown when power is reduced and controls are not adjusted?

the downwash on the elevators from the propeller slipstream is reduced and elevator effectiveness is reduced

an airplane has been loaded in such a manner that the CG is located aft of the CG limit. one undesirable flight characteristic a pilot might experience with this airplane would be

difficulty in recovering from a stalled condtion

loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be

less stable at all speeds

changes in the center of pressure of a wing effecr the aircraft's

aerodyanmic balance and controllability

(refer to figure 2) if an airplane weighs 2,300 pounds, what approximate weight would the airplane structure be required to support during a 60º banked turn while maintaining altitude?

4,600 pounds

(refer to figure 2) if an airplane weighs 3,300 pounds, what approximate weight would the airplane structure be required to support during a 30º banked turn while maintaining altitude?

3,960 pounds

(refer to figure 2) if an airplane weighs 4,500 pounds, what approximate weight would the airplane structure be required to support during a 45º banked turn while maintaining altitude?

6,750 pounds

the amount of excess load that can be imposed on the wing of an airplane depends upon the

speed of the airplane

which basic flight maneuver increases the load factor on an airplane as compared to straight-and-level flight?

turns

what force makes an airplane turn?

the horizontal component of lift

during an approach to a stall, an increased load factor will cause the airplane to

stall at a higher airspeed

what are the four flight fundamentals involved in maneuvering an aircraft?

straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs, and descents

(refer to figure 62) in flying the rectangular course, when would the aircraft be turned less than 90°?

corners 1 and 4

(refer to figure 66) while practicing S-turns, a consistently smaller half-circle is made on one side of the road than on the the other, and this turn is not completed before crossing the road or reference line. this would most likely occur in turn

4-5-6 because the bank is increased too rapidly during the early part of the turn

if an emergency situation requires a downwind landing, pilots should expect a faster

groundspeed at touchdown, a longer ground roll, and the likelihood of overshooting the desired touchdown point

when executing an emergency approach to land in a single-engine aircraft, it is important to maintain a constant glide-speed because variations in glide speed

nullify all attempts at accuracy in judgement of gliding distance and landing spot

as altitude increases, the indicated airspeed at which a given airplane stalls in a particular configuration will

remain the same regardless of altitude

the direct cause of every stall is excessive

angle of attack

in what flight condition must an aircraft be placed in order to spin?

stalled

during a spin to the left, which wing(s) is/are stalled?

both wings are stalled

the angle of attack at which an airplane wing stalls will

remain the same regardless of gross weight

one of the main functions of flaps during approach and landing is to

increase the angle of descent without increasing the airspeed

what is one purpose of wing flaps?

to enable the pilot to make steeper approaches to a landing without increasing the airspeed

ground effect is most likely to result in which problem?

becoming airborne before reaching recommended takeoff speed

what is ground effect?

the result of the interference of the surface of the Earth with the airflow patterns about an airplane

floating caused by the phenomenon of ground effect will be most realized during an approach to land when at

less than the length of the wingspan above the surface

what must a pilot be aware of as a result of ground effect?

induced drag decreases; therefore, any excess speed at the point of flare may cause considerable floating

which is a result of the phenomenon of ground effect?

the angle of attack generating lift is increased

the airspeed range to avoid while flying in ground effect is

40 MPH and above

an aircraft leaving ground effect during takeoff will

experience an increase in induced drag and a decrease in engine performance

when landing behind a large aircraft, which procedure should be followed for vortex avoidance?

stay above its final approach flightpath all the way to touchdown

how does the wake turbulence vortex circulate around each wingtip?

outward, upward, and around each tip

when taking off or landing at an airport where heavy aircraft are operating, one should be particularly alert to the hazards of wingtip vortices because this turbulence tends to

sink into the flightpath of aircraft operating below the aircraft generating the turbulence

wingtip vortices are created only when an aircraft is

developing lift

the greatest vortex strength occurs when the generating aircraft is

heavy, clean, and slow

wingtip vortices created by large aircraft tend to

sink below the aircraft generating turbulence

the wind condition that requires maximum caution when avoiding wake turbulence on landing is

light, quartering tailwind

when landing behind a large aircraft, the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by staying

above the large aircraft's final approach path and landing beyond the large aircraft's touchdown point

when departing behind a heavy aircraft, the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by maneuvering the aircraft

above and upwind from the heavy aircraft

what wind condition prolongs the hazards of wake turbulence on a landing runway for the longest period of time?

light quartering tailwind

a go-around from a poor landing approach

is preferable to last minute attempts to prevent a bad landing