HHS 101 MIDTERM - Skaff

What is athletic training?

- "A profession of HEALTH CARE professionals who collaborate with PHYSICIANs to optimize patient and client activity and participation in athletics, work, and life" - NATA.

AT - Physician Relationship

- AT function under a physicians direction (direction vs. supervision)

-AT have ability to be employed as physician extender.

NATA

National Athletic Trainers Association

AT Mission

to enhance the quality of healthcare proved by CERTIFIED athletic trainers and to advance the AT profession.

Professional membership of ATC's founded in....

1950

Where do AT's work?

Pro sports, college/university, secondary school, emerging settings, clinic/hospital.

AT Injury/ Illness Prevention

- Screen for injury/illness risk factors.

-Design/implement prevention programs.

-Design/implement emergency action plans.

-Monitor environment for dangerous weather.

-Inspect facilities and equipment for safety.

-Apply prophylactic and protective equipment.

AT Clinical Eval and DX

-Preform comprehensive exam for orthopedic injury or medical condition.

-Create treatment plan based on diagnosis.

-Communicate nature of condition and plan of treatment to patient, coach, and parents.

AT Immediate/Emergency Care

1) Preform initial assessment and determine severity of condition.

2) Implement emergency action plan.

3) Preform secondary assessment and employ management strategies.

4) Formulate differential diagnosis.

5) Communicate nature of condition to patient and health care personnel.

AT Treatment/Rehab

- Select, apply, and evaluate therapeutic interventions.

- Recommend, fit, and apply devices to facilitate the patients recovery.

- Recognize role of medications.

- Provide necessary education to patients.

AT Org./ Professional Health/Well Being

-Evidence based practice.

-Compliance with state and federal laws.

-Use coding and reimbursement practices.

- Maintain medical records.

- Abide by regulations for storage, transportation, and dispensing of medications.

- Develop/implement policies and procedures for healthcare facility.

AT's Hats

Hydration

Counselor

Meteorologist

Handyman

Nutrients

EMT

Equipment Manager

Supervisor

Teacher

AT BOC

exam that covers the 5 major domains of AT.

How to become an AT

- Graduate from a CAATE (accredited athletic training education program)

-Entry level bachelors program.

-Entry level masters program.

- Participate in min. 2 years of academic clinical education under ATC supervision.

- MUST pass BOC exam to become an ATC and eligible to practice in 44 states.

AT Educational Competencies

-Evidence Based Practice

-Prevention and Health Promotion

-Clinical Examination and Diagnosis

-Acute Care of Injury and Illness

-Therapeutic Interventions

-Psychological Strategies and Referral.

-Healthcare Administration

-Professional Development and Responsibility

Future of AT

CAATE standards will be changed to include a requirement that professional programs to be at the masters degree level with a specific implementation deadline of NO LESS THAN 7 YEARS.

AT Salary

-AVERAGE TOTAL ANNUAL : $48,642

-Bachelor's (Least)

-Doctorate (Most)

-Experience = More -> higher pay.

Cons

Pay NOT = hours worked

Long days

Go unrecognized

AT Post-Cert

- Maintain certification by continuing education units (CEU's).

-50 CEU's every 2 years.

-Taking classes, conferences, presentations, etc.

- Stay current with CPR.

PT Definition

which is the care and services provided by or under the direction and supervision of a PT includes:

-Examining

-Alleviating impairment and functional limitation.

-Preventing injury, impairment, functional limitation, and disability.

-Consulting, education, and research.

Mission: UK PT

Develop practitioners who are:

-Knowledgable

-Ethical

-Independent

-Adaptable

-Reflective

-Service Oriented

This practitioner developments accomplished through a variety of mechanisms:

-Education

-Research/Scholarship

-Service

-Professional Socialization

PT Pros:

-Enjoyability

-Challenging physically/intellectually.

-Rewarding

-Education prepares student for many options in life.

PT Jobs

-Clinics/Hospitals

-Rehab

-Geriatrics

-Pediatrics

-Home Health

-Academics

-Rural/Urban

-Sports/General

Characteristics of the Successful P.T.

-Enjoys working with people.

-Self Starter/Proactive

-Seeks the evidence.

-Enjoys a challenge.

-Good communication skills.

-Willing to serve others.

-Team player.

Degrees Offered in PT: UK

-DPT curriculum started Aug.2006.

-Admit 48-50 students in Lexington and 16-18 in Hazard at the CERH.

-Curriculum lasts 3 years.

-Starts in August and ends in August 3 years later.

-All PT programs in US are DPT.

Life BEFORE PT School

-Complete UK Core

-Complete pre-rec while working towards a degree.

-Regular class schedule.

-Part-time job and social life.

-Get good grades/PT experience.

-Volunteer Activities (in PT and community).

-Work and play.

Applying to UK PT

-PTCAS

-Supplemental Application

-December 1 deadline, Feb. or Mar. Interviews.

Options for Applying to PT Program

-Finish BS OR BA and apply.

-May apply just before final semester prior to completion of degree.

Life During PT School

-16 hours/semester

-Irregular class schedule

-Class size: 50 in Lex, 18 in Hazard.

-Courses in basic sciences, PT, and other areas.

Life After PT School

-Licensure Exam

-Job opportunities

-Salaries/Benefits

-Grow in the profession and serve community.

-Life long learning.

What is Radiation?

-The propagation of energy through space.

-Electromagnetic waves.

-Sound Waves (ultrasound)

-Particle Beams

Radiation - EM Waves

-Electromagnetic Waves

-Electromagnetic Spectrum

Radiation - Sound

-Sound is a PRESSURE WAVE

-Echolocation using SOUND WAVES

Classification of Radiation - Non-Ionizing

-Does NOT alter the chemical properties of tissues.

-Sound

-Radio Frequency (EM waves)

Classification of Radiation - Ionizing

-Induces chemical changes (breaks chemical bonds)

-Cell killing or mutation.

-X Ray/ Gamma Ray

-High energy electron beams

-Heavy ion beams (protons)

Sources of Ionizing Radiation

-Cosmic

-Soil

-Food

-Radon

-Artificial

-Medical

Radiology

-Diagnostic imaging

-Nuclear medicine

-Interventional Radiology

Radiation Medicine

-Radiation Oncology

-Radiation Biology

CT Scan

X-Ray Computed Tomography

Diagnostic Imaging

-Diagnose disease using imaging techniques

-Probe with radiation/detect the response.

-Sound waves

-Radio frequency waves

-Xrays

-Gamma rays

-Record or reconstruct the image.

MR

Magnetic Resonance

PET

Positron Emission Tomography

Interventional Radiology Purposes

-Angiography

-Biopsy

-Angioplasty (stent placement)

-Thrombolysis

Interventional Radiology

-Minimally invasive

-Image guided procedures

Radiological Careers

-Radiologic Technologist

-Radiologist Assistant

-Medical Dosimetrist

-Medical Physics/Health Physics

-Physician

-Research Scientist

Radiation Therapy

-Treatment of disease using radiation.

-Arrests unconrolled cell growth.

-External Beam RT

-Internal RT

-Brachytherapy - Internal/Surface (sealed sources)

-Nuclear Medicine (unsealed radiopharmaceutical)

Radiologist Assitant

-Advanced level RT (BS or MS level)

-Similar to the PA track.

-Specialization in Diagnostic Imaging

-Preform and assist with advanced tasks.

-Job outlooks Uncertain

- Salary (70k-100k)

Radiologic Technologist

-X-Ray Radiographer (RT)

-RT Specialization:

-CT

-MR

-Mammography

-Sonography

-Interventional Technologist

-Nuclear Medicine Technologist (NMT)

-Radiation Therapist (RTT)

Radiologic Technologist SPECS

-Preform imaging or treatment procedures.

-Training:

-1 year certificate programs

-2 year associate degree program

-BS degree programs

-Job growth= 30k (to 2026)

-Salary (40k-90k)

Medical/Health Physics SPECIALIZATION

-Radiation Therapy

-Diagnostic Imaging

-Nuclear Medicine

-Radiation Safety (RSO)

Medical Dosimetrist

-Specialization in Radiation Therapy.

-Generate radiation therapy treatment plans.

-Training:

-Dosimetry certificate programs.

-BS dosimetry programs

-Expect modest job growth

-Salary (80k-110k)

Medical/Health Physics RESPONCIBILITIES

-Design procedures/protocols

-Patient safety

-Equipment Calibration

-Quality assurance reviews

-Teaching

-Research

Physician SPECIALIZATION

-Radiation Oncology

-Diagnostic Radiology

-Interventional Radiology

-Nuclear Medicine

Medical/Health Physics OTHER

-Training:

-MS or PhD in Medical/Health Physics

-PhD in a science with 2 year residency

-2 year MP residency

-Modest job growth expected.

-Salary (90k-300k)

Physician RESPONCIBILITIES

-Prescribe/design radiation treatments.

-Interpret/read medical images.

-Preform image guided, minimally invasive procedures.

Research Scientist

-PhD (possibly MS)

-Radiobiology

-Medical Physics

-Biomedical Engineering

-Biophysics

Physician OTHER

-Training:

-Medical degree (MD or DO)

-Residency (less or = to 4 years).

-Salary (>300k)

The Profession of Pharmacy

are health professionals who assist individuals in making the best use of medications.

Pharmacy Education

-Evolved from apprenticeship like other professions.

-Long, proud tradition of spereration from medicine.

-Current professional programs are four years following pre-prof work.

-Residency programs are popular.

-Fellowships provide research training for practitioners.

-PhD programs are available.

Pharmacy Licensure

-North American Licensure Exam consisting of 2 parts.

-Specialty board certification has been available for nearly 40 years.

Pharmacy Career Oppertunities

-Most grads enter community pharmacy practice.

-Institutional practice has continuously grown since WW2

-Governmental positions (USPHS,FDA,DEA, state agencies).

-Pharmaceutical/medical device industry.

-Insurance companies/HMO's/PBM's.

Drug Regimen Review by the Pharmacist

retrospective, concurrent, and prospective review by a pharmacist of a patients drug-related history, including but not limited too:

a) Evaluation of prescription drug orders and patient records for:

1. Known allergies.

2. Rational therapy contradictions.

3.Appropriate dose and route of administration.

4. Appropriate directions for use.

5. Duplicative therapies.

b) Evaluation of prescription drug orders and patient records for drug-drug, drug-food, drug-disease, and drug-clinical laboratory interactions.

c) Evaluation of prescription drug orders and patient records for adverse drug reactions.

d) Evaluation of prescription drug orders and patient records for proper utilization and optimal therapeutic outcomes.

Pharmacy Historical/Current Issues

-Challenge of accurately and fully communication what pharmacists do.

-Payment for cognitive services.

-Issues with supply of pharmacists.

-The continuing challenge of optimal drug therapy and avoidance of misadventures.

Consultation by the Pharmacist

The pharmacist must offer to discuss with each individual who presents a prescription those matters which in the exercise of the pharmacist's professional judgement the pharmacist deems significant including:

-The name and description of medication.

-The route, dosage form, dosage, route of administration,

and duration of drug therapy.

-Special directions and precautions for preparation, administration and use by the patient.

-Common severe side or adverse effects or interactions and therapeutic contraindications that may be encountered, including their avoidance, and the action required if they occur.

-Techniques for self-monitoring drug therapy.

-Proper storage.

-Prescription refill information.

-Action to be taken in the event of a missed dose.

Pharmacist is the Hub

Physicians with various specialties:

-Dentists

-Podiatrists

-Optometrists

-Nurse Practitioners

-Physician Assistants

Requests for dispensing of medications may come from any and all of those above.

Pharmacist Assigned Lawful Custody of Various Products

The pharmacist is the professional assigned custody of items that should not generally be open to distribution.

-Poisons

-Schedule V controlled substances.

-Syringes and needles.

-Meth precursor products.

-Plan B

-Current FDA proposal for "BTC" products.

Pharmacist Quote

The physician must often rely on the friendly hand of the professional pharmacist to correct his mistakes.

Pharmacist Additional Info.

-There is evidence that many patients experience PREVENTABLE adverse medication-related events or fail to receive appropriate drug therapy due to shortcomings of our complex and disjointed medication use system in the U.S.

-Researchers have estimated that for every dollar we spend on pharmaceuticals, we spend another dollar on treating the problems that stem from sub-optimal medication use and therefore waste billions of dollars in health care resources each year.

1) Which term best describes the MECHANISM USED TO STANDARDIZE THE QUALITY of various health professions training programs across the country?

Accreditation

2) What is the title of your REQUIRED TEXTBOOK for this course?

Introduction to Health Professions

3) Some TYPES OF TRAINING do NOT require you to complete a formal accredited educational program at the certificate associate, bachelor's, or graduate level. What is the term for that type of training?

OJT

4) It is important to learn about various health professions in addition to your own because:

-An informed health career choice is more likely with this kind of information.

-Healthcare professionals work together in teams.

-Interdisciplinary practice improves inter-professional relationships.

(ALL THE ABOVE)

5) Admissions directors of various health professions programs suggest that students may become more aware of what "they really want to be" if they:

Shadow health care professionals to gain exposure to particular fields.

6) What is the difference between the two doctoral degrees for dentists in the U.S.?

Nothing, the DDS and DMD degrees are equivalent.

7) Some of the services provided by ORAL SURGEONS include:

-Trauma Care

-Implants

-Tissue and bone graphs

(ALL OF THE ABOVE)

8) Dentists use modern techniques, equipment and materials in ESTHETIC DENTISTRY to:

Improve appearances

9) In the dental profession nationwide, approximately what percentage of the total number of practicing dentists are SPECIALISTS?

20%

10) The UK College of Dentistry is one of the:

Ten SMALLEST dental schools in the country.

11) The prevention of dental disease has become increasingly more important as we are now more aware of the potential links between dental disease and:

-Problem pregnancies

-Cardiovascular disease

-Diabetes

(ALL OF THE ABOVE)

12) In Kentucky, early childhood caries (ECC) is a dental disease generally resulting from:

Poor dental hygiene of primary teeth.

13) What kind of experience is STRONGLY recommended for folks interested in careers in the health professions?

Shadowing

14) What is the single most CHRONIC DISEASE facing most Kentuckians?

Dental Disease

15) What learning strategy is beneficial for your learning in this course?

-Guest Speakers

-Assigned Readings

-Exam

-Q of the day

(ALL OF THE ABOVE)

16) A Dentist must have a license to be able to practice dentistry.

True

17) A Dental Hygienist must have a license to be able to practice dental hygiene.

True

18) A Dental Assistant must have a license to assist in the practice of dentistry in KY.

False

19) A Dental Laboratory Technician must have a license to fabricate dental appliances.

False

20) A Dental Assistant is required to obtain a degree in dental assisting in KY.

False

21) A Dental Laboratory Technician is required to take a national examination to become a Certified Dental Laboratory Technician.

True

22) A Dental Hygienist can own his/her private practice office in Kentucky.

False

23) It is legal in Kentucky for Dental Hygienists to administer local anesthesia (injections).

True

24) One group of health care professionals who function in KY as "INDEPENDENT" PRACTITIONERS are:

Physical therapists

25) The learning strategy used at the beginning of class to grab your attention and keep attendance is:

The Question of the Day

26) In the past, physical therapists generally worked in an acute care environment, but the CURRENT TREND finds more (60-70%) physical therapists working in:

Out-patient rehab settings

27) In the past, patients were discharged after about two weeks after their surgery and initial physical therapy, but now patients are discharged:

On average 3 to 4 days after surgery.

28) In which healthcare settings, away from the hospital, are physical therapists generally employed?

-Rehab centers

AND

-Out-patient clinics

29) Why would anyone want to become a physical therapist?

-Great work environment

-Challenging work

-Terrific Salary

(ANY OF THE ABOVE)

30) The common pre-requisites for all health professions studied so far:

-Commitment to caring for patients.

-Communication skills.

-Science background

(ALL OF THE ABOVE)

31) Which kind of experience is highly recommended for INFORMED decision-making about each of the health field covered so far?

Shadowing

32) In which of the following settings apart from the hospital, are you likely to find a clinical (medical) lab scientist working?

-Veterinary Lab

-Forensic Lab

-Doctor's Offices

-Blood Centers and Blood Banks

(ANY OF THE ABOVE)